F 




COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 



SINGLE COPIES. _ _ - FIFTY CENTS EACH. 



HISTORICAL ^^" DESCRIPTIVE 



REVIEW OF 

DUNKIRK, 



CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY, N. Y. 



COMPILED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF 



The Commercial Association, 

OF DUNKIRK. 

The Advantages and Surroundings of this Section, 
From a Matter of Fact Standpoint. 




nDTJIsTKIIi^K:, 3Sr. Y. 

1889. 

^:^ 



The sender of this Pamphlet calls your Attention to Pages 66 & 



\^ 



Table of CoNXENTS^^fi^* 



Advance Summary 6 

Attorneys, Justices, etc 24-5 

Antidotes to Poisons - - - 64 

American History - - . 58 

Barber 95 

Bakeries 89 

Banking Interests . . _ 16-17 

Blacksmithing, etc... 46 

Brewery . '- 48-9 

Brick Yard 65 

Books and Stationery 82-3 

Boots and Shoes 84-5 

City Government 14-77 

Civil Engineers- 25 

Coal, Lumber, etc - 43-5 

Cigar Manufacturing 47-8 

(contractors and Builders 49-51 

Civil War Statistics 63 

Dental Profession 23-4 

Dunkirk's Progression ■ 6 

Dunkirk Shirt Co 38 

Dry Goods, etc 78-9,90 

Drug Stores 88 

Decisive Battles 59 

Debt of Cities ... 59 

Express Companies 15-16 

Flour, Feed and- Grain . . 42-3 

Florist 66 

Furniture, etc 85-6 

Fish Interests . 52, 89 

General Information. 57^64 

General Summary . 66^8 

Groceries, Notions, etc 90-3 

Hotels, etc - - - _ . . 53-56 

Harness, etc . - .56 

Hardware, etc 65, 86-7 

Iron Manufacturing 28-'S5 

1 ntroductory ^3 

Insurance, etc _ 26-^ 

Ice Dealer... 65 

Jewelry 80-81 



Lumber Interests 36-8, 43 

Laundry — Home Steam 39-40 

Liquors 94 

Liveries 55 

Manufacturing Interests 28-56 

Merchant Tailoring, etc 40-2, 84 

Marble Works 45 

Mercantile Interests 78-95 

Millinery and Fancy Goods. _79, 95 

Meat and Fish ^. 88-9 

Newspapers 6-7 

New York Bridge 63 

Our Regards 96 

Orphan Asylum 9 

Prominent Personages. 61 

Presidential Biographies 60 

Pianos, Organs, etc j . . 81-2 

Photographers 51-2 

Plumbing, etc 35-36, 87 

Professional Pages 21-5 

Past History . 3-5 

Post Office, etc 13-14 

Physicians 21-3 

Public Debt 60 

Railroads - . . 18-21 

Real Estate, etc 26-8 

Ready-Made Clothing 83-4 

Schools and Churches 7-13 

Social Societies, etc 69-78 

Sewing Machines 41, 81-2 

Soda Beverages _ 49 

Thoroughbred Stock 94 

Tax Receiver 25 

Telegraph, etc 16 

Steam Heating 85 

Standing Armies 63 

Undertaking, etc 85-6 

Valuable Statistics 57-64 

Water Works. 15 

Wood Manufacturing 36-8' 

World Historv 57-60 



■i 



'5> 



DUNKIEK, 



II! 

¥, CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY, NEW YORK 



TT« ADVANTAGES AND SURROUNDINGS PLAINLY PORTRAYED FROM A MATTKR- 

OF-FACT STANDPOINT — PROFESSIONAL AND PUBLIC MEN, SCHOOLS, 

CHURCHES, HARBOR, RAILROADS, MANUFACTURING 

AND MERCANTILE INTERESTS. 



Compiled under the auspices of the Commercial Association. 

?/--'"TRODUCTORY.— W,e shall not go into a lengthy preface, nor 
waste a page for title style, but at once proceed to the task of com- 
piling a condensed sketch of Dunkirk and its surroundings. It will 
not be exhaustive, and we shall doubtless omit something which properly 
might have been incorporated in these pages, but we hope to make it more 
comprehensive and generally accurate than any historical pamphlet or 
paper that has ever been published for this place, and in a condensed form 
to present the natural and acquired advantages of this section, with the 
view of attracting additional emigrants, the talents and the capital of en- 
terprising men desirous of embarking in any legitimate business. 

We shall not go into lengthy details of unimportant private enterprises 
nor fulsome praise of individuals, but it is the purpose of the compiler and 
interested citizens of this place, to present in a convenient shape for pres- 
ervation, and in as brief a manner as is consistent with an intelligible de- 
scription of the facts, (yet withal so inexpensive and easily mailed, as to be 
sent far and wide by the promoters of this section), a sketch of our advan- 
tages and surroundings, which shall show forth to the world the undoubted 
superiorities of our city, and that our progressive men are ever ready to 
welcome any legitimate industry. 

The purpose of this pamphlet is to exhibit in a condensed form, and 
with strict regard to the truth, the resources and advantages of this city, 



2 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

show forth its desirabilit}^ as a place of residence and a business mart. 
The object is to give accurately its railroad resources, religious, educational, 
industrial; its banking, mercantile and manufacturing facilities ; its hygienic 
advantages and general attractions. , 

Located on the beautiful Lake Erie (one of the handsomest inland 
seas in the world), backed by an agricultural region of surpassing fertility, 
with ample lake and railroad transportation facilities, Dunkirk naturally 
should become a metropolitan city of large importance. She lies nearly 
midway between Buffalo and Erie, and a sufficient distance from either to 
control a large section of surrounding country. Her location, on the south- 
east side of a large body of water, greatly protects her surrounding acres 
fi'om the early and late frosts, as well as from the frigid waves and blizzards 
of the north and west, and insures a refreshing breeze for the hottest day 
in summer. 

With a map of the country before him, any observer may readily see 
how advantageously Dunkirk is located with reference to the lumber, coal 
and iron interests. On the great chain of lakes, through which the lumber 
from the Michigan and Canadian forests is accessible at the minimum 
price, with direct connections to the anthracite and bituminous coal regions 
of Pennsylvania, no port in fresh v/aters is better prepared to handle these 
important factors in manufacturing. Not only with reference to her own 
consumption, but for reshipment to the upper lakes, or to Toronto, Hamil- 
ton, St. Catharines, Thorold and other manufacturing cities of Ontario, 
Dunkirk holds the central position. 

From Dunkirk to the head of the Welland Canal, which has cost the 
Canadian government $26,000,000, is but 28 or 30 miles, and this port is 
open many weeks of the year when Buffalo is blockaded with ice. With 
the opening of the projected canal lines, from Lake Ontario through to 
Lake Simcoe, and thence via Georgian Bay, the distance to Chicago and 
the great iron and copper mines of the upper lakes will be shortened 400 
miles, placing Dunkirk by this route as near to those places as Toledo is by 
the present river and lake connections. 

Our city has planned for the leasing and repairing of the Erie docks, 
and may we not justly hope that the day is not far distant when Dunkirk 
will be, from its central position for iron, coal and lumber, one of the best 
manufacturing places on the great lakes, and with the proper governmental 
expenditures on the breakwater, her harbor will not only be made one of 
the safest, but handsome and convenient, as it presents ample water front 
and good depth for sea-going vessels. Dunkirk is about 35 miles from the 
crossing of the three trunk lines of Canada railroads and the Welland 
Canal, thus putting her in a position to handle all traffic to the west over 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 3 

tliese lines if the facts were only made plain to interested parties. When 
the capitalists and business men of Dunkirk become fully awakened to 
the advantage of this place as a manufacturing center, and her position for 
commercial importance, we may expect her to move forward with rapid 
strides. 

The grounds have a gentle incline from the bay for half a mile or more, 
then receding to Crooked Brook on the south side, which gives it a natural 
position for excellent drainage. The luxuriant shade trees of maple, horse- 
chestnut, elm, hickory, etc.; the many magnificent and well kept lawns, 
commodious mansions, conservatories, flagstone walks, and other evidences, 
on the principal streets, of luxury and elegance, at once impress the stranger 
with the wealth and thrift of the place. Numerous costly and convenient 
residences and business houses have been completed with the building 
season just closed, and the continued prosperity of Dunkirk for some time 
past, with the bright outlook for increasing development, is worth more to 
her than the evanescent boom, which is invariably succeeded by depression 
and financial stringency. With the magnificent Lake Erie in front, the 
lake ridge rising 700 to 900 feet a few miles in the rear, her surrounding 
valleys dotted with herds of cattle and sheep, rich agricultural fields, vine- 
yards, etc., gridironed with five lines of railroads centering here, Dunkirk 
presents a picture worthy the pencil of an artist. 

PAST HISTORY.— Western New York, and particularly the section 
contiguous to Lake Erie, is full of interest for the student of American history, 
present and remote. Long before even the Indian of our acquaintance roam- 
ed the forests and fished in the clear waters of the lakes, it was occupied 
by a far superior people, of whom not even a tradition remains — a people 
whose only monuments are a few scattered earthworks and a deposit here 
and there of bones from a race of giants. We may never know definitely 
who they were, but it is probable that they constituted a part of the half- 
civilized nation of whom in the earlier part of this century abundant traces 
existed throughout the Ohio Valley, Missouri and Arkansas, and even as far 
north as Lake Superior, from the copper mines of which region were ob- 
tained the materials for many of their ornaments, weapons and domestic 
utensils. When or by what agency they were destroyed must remain for 
all time a mystery as deep as that of the lost island of Atlantis. 

La Roche Daillon, an early French missionary, who penetrated to the 
lake in 1626, and preached to the famous Neutral nation on the north 
shore, visited certain of their villages on the south shore, west of Buftalo 
Creek, where he learned that the warlike Eries held the entire south shore 
from Cattaraugus Creek to Sandusky, Ohio. These Indians were related in 
blood and language to the celebrated Five Nations (Mohawks, Cayugas, 
Onondagas, Oneidas and Senecas), who in 1650 extirpated their only rivals 
in Western New York — the Hurons and Kahquahs. Four years later they 
made relentless war upon the Eries, who retired with 1,000 warriors to a 



4 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

point near Cleveland, fortified their position, and awaited results. The 
enemy soon appeared, 1,800 strong, coming in canoes, assaulted the doomed 
Eries and exterminated them, with the exception of a few children. The 
victorious Iroquois were now masters of the magnificent hunting grounds 
and the lake east of the Cuyahoga, while westward to Lake Michigan the 
Chippewas, Ottawas and Pottawatomies claimed and held the country. 

The Cavalier Robert de La Salle, in 1669, came to the south shore of 
Lake Erie, crossed the trackless wilderness to the Ohio, and descended that 
fine river to the foils. He published, in 1672, a map of Lake Erie, partly 
drawn from imagination — the first ever made— and six years later built a 
vessel in the Niagara river, embarked therein and explored the lake in all 
of its extent and the adjacent country as well. His vessel was lost mys- 
teriously on its return from Green Bay, Wis., in 1678. La Salle was a 
daring adventurer, and to him more than to any other individual, France 
owed her temporary ascendency on the lakes and the Upper Mississippi. 
The Iroquois continued in possession of the country for a long period, until 
its purchase and settlement by the whites, subsequent to the old Frencli 
war — 1744-1748 — a,t the conclusion of which the American colonists began 
a movement that culminated in making this section subject to the Englisli 
crown, and, finall}^, by the Revolutionary war, becoming the western 
portion of the great Empire State. 

There were numerous bloody encounters between the French and 
Indians from 1670 to 1715. About the latter year the French rebuilt Fort 
Niagara, and through the influence of Chabert Joncaire, a young French- 
man wdio had been captured and adopted by the Indians, a treaty of peace 
was brought about. In 1752 Du Quesne opened a road from Erie to Le- 
Boeuf, the headwaters of French Creek at Waterford. George Washington 
vv^as sent here in 1753 with instructions from Governor Dinwiddle, of Vir- 
ginia, asking the French commander to evacuate Fort LeBoeuf, as being on 
English territory. The Portage load was also opened from the mouth of 
Chautauqua Creek to Mayville, thus making the second communication 
with the headwaters of the Ohio. 

Wayne's great victory over the Indians on the Maumee in 1794, and 
the final treaty with the Iroquois in November following, ended all further 
danger of savage uprisings in this part of the country, and with the assur- 
ance of peace a new impetus was given to immigration and settlement. 

NEW YORK.— Henry Hudson, an Englishman in the Dutcli 
service, discovered Manhattan Island in 1609, and a year later it was set- 
tled by Adrian Black and others. The Plymouth Company, under their 
grant of Massachusetts, from the Atlantic to the Pacific claimed this 
territory; but the Dutch West Indie Company settled it with over lOU 
emigrants in 1623, and named it New Amsterdam. Peter Minuits was 
governor for ten years, succeeded by Wouter Van Twiller, who was 5 feet 
6 inches in height and 6 feet 5 inches in circumference. William Kaieft, 
third governor, was unnecessarily quarrelsome with the Indians, and percipi- 
tated an outbreak in 1643. He was recalled by the company and the 
government given to Peter Stuy vesant. The town and country were seized 
by Richard Nichols, for the Duke of York, in 1664, and New Amsterdam 
incorporated, with change of name to New York. The English remained 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 5 

compnratively friendly with the Mohawks and other Indian trihes, who 
waged war against the invasion of De la Barre, governor of Quehec, in 1684, 
continuing their deadly encounters until the peace of Ryswick was estab- 
lished in 1697. 

CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY.— It would doubtless be of interest 
to the general reader to enter into a more minute description of the early 
history of western New York, but we shall have to refer the enquirer to the 
published facts on the history of the eighteenth century, and pass on to the 
present century of phenomenal progression. 

Amos Sottle, an axe-man for the surveyors of the old meridian lines, 
squatted in the county at Hanover in 1796 or 1797, and remained there 
some four years, but General McMahan purchased land in 1801, and Col. 
James McMahan cleared ten acres the next season and built a residence 
near Westfield. Edward McHenry located on an adjoining tract the same 
year, and these were the first permanent white settlers in Chautauqua 
county. 

Up to 1810 Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties held courts together 
for lack of sufficient population to entitle them to separate governments. 
On February 9, 1811, 500 voters were found in Chautauqua, and it was then 
fully organized as a separate county. The name is of Indian and French 
origin, and has been variously spelled until the present style was made 
ofiicial by the commissioners in 1859. The contract for the first jail and 
court house at Mayville was given to Winsor Brigham in 1808, at $1,500, 
but the war of 1812 coming on it was not completed till 1815. That 
structure served for about twenty years, and the present county buildings 
were erected between 1835 and 1840. They have become antiquated and 
need replacing with modern and convenient buildings. 

The area of the countv is 652,894 acres, and in 1830 it had a popula- 
tion of about 40,000. The census of 1840 gave 47,975 ; 1850, 50,493 ; 1860, 
58,422; 1870,59,325; 1880,65,324; and the estimated population of to-dav 
is about 75,000. 

DUNKIRK TOWN.— Pomfret Town was divided in 1859, leav- 
ing 28,899 acres in the old town and giving to Dunkirk 6,632 acres. The 
first settlers on this 6,000 acres were John Williams, 1804 ; Benjamin Bar- 
rett, Seth Cole, Richard Douglas and Rufus Langdon, 1805; Elisha Pease, 
1806 ; Hezekiah Fish, and several others, in 1807, from which time there was 
quite a rapid increase. 

In 1808 Timothy Goulding located one mile west of the harbor, and a 
year later Solomon Chad wick broke the first ground on the present site of 
Dunkirk. Mr. Gaylord, Luther Goulding and Daniel Pier came next. 

DUNKIRK VILT^AGE.— In 1817 Elisha Jenkins, Mr. Town- 
send and others bought up over 1,000 acres, surveyed 50 acres into lots, 
and a year later built a wharf and hotel costing about $20,000. Walter 
Smith, of Fredonia, purchased a half interest in the place in 1826 for $10,- 
000, the j^opulation then being only 50 souls, and prospects not flattering, 
but with the new life infused by him it recorded 800 population in 1830. 
Three years later Mr. Smith sold his half to a New York company on 
speculation and purchased the remaining half from the Townsend company. 



DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

DUNKIRK'S PROGRESSION 



Dunkirk was incorporated in 1837, and as it was then a prospective 
railroad center, speculations run rife, and men paid fabulous prices for lots 
which were afterwards sold for a mere song. The place, originally called 
Chad wick's Bay, was named by Elisha Jenkins, in 1818, for Dunkirk, in 
France, from its harbor resemblance. The harbor here has not a full land- 
locked protection, but by a heavy expense has been made a safe port, and 
is available for a vast lake commerce. Three trunk lines and two railroads 
of less importance center here, thus, with lake transportation, giving ex- 
ceptionally good facilities for manufacturing and commercial transactions. 

ADVANCE SUMMARY.— From Kirwin's Directory and other 
sources we condense the following advance facts. The city had in July, 
1887, a population of 10,500, and which is now fairly estimated at 12,000. 
The Brooks Locomotive Works, located here, have a reputation second to 
none in the United States, and give employment to about 1,000 hands. 
A full detail of this and a score of other prominent manufactories will be 
given on succeeding pages. There are a dozen churches, academy, orphan 
asylum, excellent public schools, two national banks, club rooms, bands, 
musical societies, a score of secret societies, express, telegraph and telephone 
companies, street car line, electric light, gas and water works, two large 
newspaper and job printing establishments — one of which runs the Daily 
Oh server- Journal. Dunkirk has 5 bakers, 6 barbers, 6 blacksmiths, 3 book 
stores, 7 shoe dealers, 8 carpenters and contractors, 3 carriage works, 6 cigar 
manufactories, 10 clothing and merchant tailoring houses, 6 coal and wood 
dealers, 4 dentists, 3 druggists, 4 dress makers, 8 dry goods houses, 7 fancy 
goods and millinery houses, 3 fish dealers, 7 flour, feed and grain dealers, 
3 furniture dealers, over 30 groceries, 7 hardware and stoves, 6 or 8 hotels 
and as many boarding houses, 5 insurance agents, 4 jewelers, 2 steam 
laundries, 7 lawyers, 2 leather dealers, 3 liveries, 4 lumber dealers, 8 meat 
markets, 12 physicians, 3 photographers, 5 real estate agents, over 50 
saloons ; crockery, harness, lime and ice dealers ; music- stores, plumbers, 
restaurants, sewing machines, undertakers, and several other stores ; an 
opera house, several pu1)Hc halls, and many other features of interest which 
we shall give under their proper headings. 

NEWSPAPERS —The public press has much to do with mould- 
ing the opinions of the country, and that of Chautauqua county has always 
held an honorable reputation. The first paper published in the county 
was the CJiautaiujua Gazette, which was issued at Fredonia by James Perci- 
val as early as 1817. Since then more than fift}^ journals have started upon 
the sea of life, of which about two dozen remain. 

THE DUNKIRK PRINTING COMPANY. 

The Dunkirk Beacon was started in Ma}^, 1850, by Ebenezer R. Thomp- 
son, who was assisted by William L. Carpenter, who afterwards purchased 
the office and run the paper as the Chautauqua Journal, soon afterwards 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 7 

changing the name to the Dunkirk Journal. For a short time Mr. Carpenter 
published a daily. In ISGl he sold to Beecher k Sill, and subsequently the 
office was owned by Isaac George, W. A. Cobb, W. McKinstry & Sons, and 
D. A. A. Nichols, the latter consolidating with the Dunkirk Printing Company 
in 1885, which had been formed two years prior and which office liad 
been publishing a daily from December 4, 1882. 

The Dunkirk Printing Company pubUshes the Chautauqua Farmer, 
established January 1, 1869, and the Daily Observer- Journal. The Farmer 
first started in Dunkirk, a few months later was moved to Forestville, and 
in 1880 returned to this city. The Farmer is the largest weekly in the 
county and sent to readers at $1.20 per year. 

The Observer-Journal is the only perm;inent daily ever published in 
Dunkirk, and from its inception has been generously supported by the 
good citizens of the place. It is a bright, newsy 28-column paper. Sub- 
scription price $5.00 per annum, and delivered to city subscribers at 10 
cents per week. A thoroughly equipped job office is run in connection 
with these papers. 

ADVERTISER AND UNION. 

The Fredonia Advertiser was started in July 1851, by Tyler & Shepard. 
Later it was published by L. L. Pratt and J. C. Frisbee, the latter selling 
his interest to Morgan & Hilton. Pratt, Morgan & Hilton sold to Benton 
& Co., who in 1868 consolidated with the Dunkirk Union, which had been 
started by Osmer & Daily, and was at that time published by Monroe D. 
Gushing. Charles F. White, for many years a successful newspaper man, 
purchased Cushing's interest in 1875, and two years later William R. Mor- 
gan and Albert H. Hilton bought out Benton's share, making the present 
firm of C. F. White & Co. The Advertiser- Union has a wide and influential 
circulation, with an office both at Dunkirk and Fredonia. A number oi 
printers, besides the three practical partners, find employment in the office, 
which is well fitted as a newspaper and jobbing establishment. 

BOOK BINDERY. 

Closely allied to newspapers and the printing business comes the 
binders' trade, and Dunkirk is supplied with a bindery seldom excelled by 
cities of its size. James Irving, a native of Rochester, resident of this 
vicinity from childhood, learned the trade with his father, James A. Irving, 
of Fredonia, and for six years past has been in the business at No. 16 East 
Second street, Dunkirk. All kinds of magazines, periodicals and general 
binding is well cared for. 

SCHOOLS, OHUKCHKS, Ktc— The early settlers of this sec- 
tion were not unmindful of the benefits to be derived from education, and, 
although struggling with poverty, through private donations they erected 
the " old log schoolhouse " near Fredonia in 1814, within which the school- 
master handled the birch rod and laid the foundations for a more progres- 
sive educational system. The "brick school," on the south side of Third 
street, was commenced in 1826, and the second story was completed some 
three years later by the Presbyterians and Baptists as a place for religious 
worship. In 1837 the Dunkirk Academy was incorporated, and the second 



8 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

story was also used for school purposes, and this, with private schools, 
sufficed for educational purposes until No. 1 school house was built in 1856. 
The public, secular and private schools of any city are a correct index 
to the refinement, culture and progressive spirit of the place. In this respect 
Dunkirk may well feel proud, as she presents a good showing and her pub- 
lic schools compare favorably with any in this state. 

THE PUBLIC FREE SCHOOLS. 

The promoters of education secured from Congress for the states, in 
1835, a loan of $28,000,000, and during the next three years New York re- 
ceived $3,500,000 as her share of the fund. The interest of this fund was 
proportioned to districts in each town, provided they would raise from pri- 
vate donation an equal amount, and this was the first start of the free school 
system which has produced such wonderful effects in the enlightenment of 
our people. 

In 1857 Dr. Julien T. Wilhams, E. H. Thompson, Joseph Mileham, 0. 
E. Tiffany, J. H. Van Buren and Samuel Hilliard were the officiating mem- 
bers of the educational board and through their influence, with other pro- 
gressive citizens, a year later the town of Dunkirk was established as a 
Union Free School district. It has a present enumeration of about 3,200. 
There are seven brick school houses in the city and two frame structures 
outside of the corporation, with 41 teachers in the aggregate, all female 
excepting the superintendent and principal of the academy. The academy 
is a part of the free school system of the place, and presents a curriculum 
which compares favorably with academic institutions throughout the 
country, giving a four-years scientific, literary or classical course. The 
school year is ten months, and -the superintendent is paid $1,600 per year, 
principal of the academy $1,000, principal of grammar school $600, and 
other teachers $300 to $400 each. 

Superintendent John W. Babcock was born near Jamestown, in this 
county, received his early education in thatplace, and, ten years since, grad- 
uated from the Cornell University at Ithaca, N. Y. He was principal of the 
public schools at Silver Creek for a couple of years, and for six years past 
has been superintendent of the schools of Dunkirk. The present prospei- 
ous condition of our schools is a creditable record to both the superintend- 
ent and the efficient Board of Education. 

Prof Albert Leonard, who has recently accepted the principalship of 
the academy, is a native of Hocking county, Ohio, graduated from the classi- 
cal course of the Ohio University, at Athens, was superintendent of the New 
Holland schools in his native state for two years, instructor in Latin and 
English in the University for three years, and finished the seven-year peda- 
gogical course before coming here. 

Miss N. T. Eddy, an old teacher in the schools, has been promoted to 
the principalship of the grammar department. 

The school year ending September 1, 1887, showed an enrollment of 
1,270, the year just past gave 1,257, and the present enrollment indicates 
that a much larger number will be recorded for the current year. 

The Board of Education at this writing (September) are M. L. Hinman, 
president; A. Holstein, secretary; David Russell, C. M. Reed, Wm. Zim- 
mermann and Michael Madigan. The board is a good one and the teachers 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 9 

have been selected and promoted for their efficiency, regardless of personal 
preferences, thus giving to Dunkirk a school system of which she may well 
leel a just pride. 

Among the early teachers in the Old Brick School were Prof Taylor, 
Rev. Timothy Stillman, E. R. Thompson and others. A Mr. Elkins taught 
for some years in the forties, but on account of his cruel punishments for 
trifling offences, was finally superceded. Dr. J. T. Williams taught for a 
time before engaging in his profession. Esther Lock and Louisa Brigham 
taught at the "Half Way School " prior to 1845. 

ST. mart's orphan asylum and school. 

The Sisters of St. Joseph, a benevolent order of the Catholic faith, 
founded in France more than 200 years ago, established the St. Mary's 
Orphan Asylum of this place in 1857, and on January 11, succeeding, se- 
cured a charter of incorporation. Two years later the present Mother 
Superior, Sister Anastasia (Donovan), was given the superintendence. In 
1864 a commodious private residence was purchased for the orphan family, 
and a two-story structure for dormitories, kitchen and lavatory erected in 
the rear. Those buildings w^ere for some years sufficiently large, but in 
1878 the present handsome brick structure, three stories and mansard roof, 
on Buffalo street, was completed and occujoied. This is of elegant archi 
tectural design, a model of convenience and utility from basement to 
garret, fitted with everything necessary for comfort and health, and would, 
on pressure, accommodate 100 persons. This structure, with its furniture, 
grounds and surroundings, is worth about $30,000, and is largely indebted 
for its existence to the generous bequest of H. J. Miner, a former resident 
of Dunkirk, although the patient zeal and economy of the sisters and 
liberal donations from others has made it possible to add many excellent 
improvements to the building and grounds. Recently an adjoining lot has 
been purchased, thereby insuring abundance of room on all sides and giv- 
ing an air of freedom to tlie surroundings. There are 14 sisters connected 
with the institution. Five are engaged in teaching the parochial school of 
St. Mary's church in Columbus Hall, three in St. George's Hall and one in 
charge of the educational department in the asylum, which receives aid 
from the County Supervisors and the city Board of Education. There are 
over 40 children now connected with the asylum, and in all about 330 have 
enjoyed the home-like influences, the religious and moral training of this 
worthy institution. The orphan children, w^ho might otherwise straggle in- 
to vagabondism, are here educated and taught useful occupations. Some 
find homes in good families and others engage in the consecrated life of 
sisters and teachers. The institution is largely supported from private do- 
nations and the economical savings of the sisters, although by an Act of 
Legislature, mainly secured through the untiring energy of W. P. Letch- 
worth, of Buffalo, an allowance of one dollar per w^eek is made by the 
County Supervisors for each orphan committed to the asylum. The St. 
Mary's Orphan Asylum is a very worthy charitable institution, reflecting 
much credit upon its management and the city w^hich fosters a home for 
the homeless. May its good work continue to be a blessing to our city and 
countv. 



10 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. 

Revs. Joy Handy and Elisha Tucker were amon.sj the first Baptist min- 
isters to preach in Dunkirk, and a church organization was effected May 
5, 1830. The society worshipped in the school house for many years. Later 
this church and others held services over Parsons' wagon shop, and in 1856 
the present brick structure was erected, which has a large seating capacity, 
and which, with grounds, is valued at about $15,000. Of the early pastors 
we have meagre record Rev. Brasted came about 1865 and was succeeded 
by Revs. Jones, Haughwout and Bush. Rev. Parsons, who officiated here 
in the seventies, was with the church a half dozen years or more, succeed- 
ing whom came Revs. Crane, Leroy, Rose and Raymond. Rev. J. J. Keyes, 
the present pastor, is from Henrietta, N. Y., and graduated from the Roch- 
ester University in 1860, having been in the ministry most of the time since, 
coming from Hamburg, N. Y., to Dunkirk August 1, 1888. 

FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

Rev. Timothy Stillman organized the First Presb3^1erian Church May 
22, 1830, and for a half dozen years held services in the old school house. 
In 1836 a small frame church was built, which was later moved to the site 
of the present church. This was torn down in 1871 to give place to the 
elegant brick structure which was completed in 1873 at a cost of $20,000. 
Rev. Stillman officiated for nearly ten years. Rev. Shaw taking the charge 
in '39, Hequembourg '41, Hamilton '49, Timlow '54, Hvde '56, Fox '65, 
Myron Adams '69, E. P. Adams '76, Austin '81, Martin '85, Day '87 and 
Rev. Geo. Sexton, the present incumbent, came in May last. Dr. Sexton 
is from London, England, an author of note and a gentleman of the 
highest English University education. 

FIRST M. E. CHURCH. 

Rev. George Lane was appointed a circuit-rider in 1808, and occasion- 
ally visited the Holland purchase at Dunkirk, but of the early services of 
this denomination here we have no record. The First M. E. Church class 
was organized about 1833, and service was first held in the schoolhouse and, 
later, over Parson's wagon shop. During the fifties the church was min- 
istered to by Revs. Wright, Johnson, Osborne, Warren and Tibbitts, under 
the latter the church structure having been built about 1858. The church 
has, with annex, a seating capacity of about 600, and is a frame structure 
worth, with the grounds, $7,000. Rev. Scott came in '61, Ingling '62, Lud- 
wig '64, Bray '66, Reno '68, Starrett '69, Martin '71, Steadman '72, Luse '73, 
Squiers '74, Kinner '75, Stul)bs '78, Mead '81, Thoburn '83, Bates '84, and 
Rev. E. M. Kernick, who came from England in 1869 and united with 
the Erie Conference the following year, coming to Dunkirk about a year 
since. 

ST. John's episcopal church. 

The Episcopal Society was organized in 1850 by the Rev. Charles 
Arey, and two years later the old church building was erected Succeed- 
ing Rev. Arc}^ came Revs. Edson, Costellc. Kidder, Champlin, Raikes and 
the present incumbent. In 1867 a lot Avas purchased on the corner of Eagle 
and Fourth streets and the present tasty brick structure erected, which cost 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 11 

about $12,000 in its construction. The new church was erected under the 
ministrations of Rev. P. P. Kidder; has seating capacity for 450 and has 
about 120 communicants. Rev. Robert Harris, the present rector, is a 
native of Jamaica, W. L; graduated from Trinity Theological University at 
Toronto, July, 1885, and had charge of the St. Thomas parish in Buffalo 
prior to coming to Dunkirk, January 1, 1887. 

• ST. Mary's roman catholic church. 

The French Catholic missionaries in their labors with the Indians were 
probably the first white men wdio visited this section of country. Revs. 
Fitzsimons, Caragher, Lennon and Mallon each in turn did short service as 
priests at Dunkirk about the middle of this century, and in 1850 Father 
Lennon purchased the lot and buildings near the water works, which 
served as a church for some years. Under the direction of Bishop Timon, 
of Buffalo, Rev. Father Colgan, now of Corning, N. Y., came to this charge 
April 23, 1851, and in July, '52, purchased the lot on which the present 
church edifice stands. A month later four acres for St. Mary's Cemetery 
was purchased from Dr. Ezra Williams for $800. For some years this 
burial place w^as neglected, but at present is well cared for and is being 
handsomely fitted up as a resting place for the dead. The corner-stone for 
St. Mary's church was laid July 23, 1853, and the church dedicated No- 
vember 12, 1854. The members of the Passionists order took charge of 
this parish in 1860, and a year later incorporated the Dunkirk Literary. 
Scientific and Missionary Institute. This zealous order of priesthood was 
first planted in America, at Pittsburgh, in 1852, and now has many inde- 
fatigable workers throughout the states from the Atlantic to the Pacific. 
The present St. Mary's church is a superb edifice, with an interior of 
elegance and a seating capacitj^ of over 800. It cost, including grounds, 
etc., about $30,000, and the monastery attached, in which are now several 
students, cost nearly one-third as much more. In this a full theological 
course of training is given. Rev. Stephen M. Kealy, C. P., has charge of 
St. Marj^'s congregation, comprising about 400 families, and is assisted by 
Fathers John Baudinalli, Ccsimer Tavdor and Boniface Softer, all of the 
Passionists order. Columbus Hall, built by this society in 1868, cost about 
820,000, and is the location for the parocliial schools, under the superintend- 
ence of Father Kealy and the sisters of St. Joseph, where about 230 pupils 
are enrolled. Through the untiring efforts of the teachers, industrious 
pupils secure every aclvantage and are early prepared to pass the regents ex- 
amination for advancement to the academic department of the City Higli 
School. Both church and school are in a flourishing condition and give to 
Catholic families superior advantages for their religious and educational 
advancement. 

CHURCH OF THE SACRED HEART OF JESUS. 

The German Catholics of Dunkirk worshipped with St. Mary's congrega- 
tion until 1857, when they organized a society and built St. George's frame 
church at a cost of about $2,000. The orders of Jesuits, Franciscans and Pas- 
sionists, severally, had charge of this churcli until it was made an independent 
parish in 1874, and on November 4th of that year Father Kolb took charge 
and at once arrang^ed to build a new churcli. The corner-stone was Inid on 



12 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

June 11th of the centennial year and November 18th, 1877, the Church of 
the Sacred Heart of Jesus was dedicated, having cost in its erection $20,000 
or more. It is an admirable architectural design and the furnishing superb. 
The generous George Dotterweich, who had assisted so liberally in the build- 
ing of both these churches, paid for the town clock in the steeple, the chime 
of bells, and donated a $5,000 marble altar, which was consecrated July 23, 
1882.^ Mr. D. died in April, '84, and left in his bequest $4,000 towards the 
erection of a school house adjoining the church. June 8, 1884, Bishop 
Ryan, of Buffalo, transferred Rev. Andrew Frey to this charge, and under his 
ministrations the handsome and commodious three-story brick structure 
known as St. George's Hall was erected at a cost of about $9,000. The first 
floor is divided into three large school rooms, second floor St. George's Hall 
and stage, while the third floor is occupied by the Catholic Mutual Benefit 
Association The building is fitted with gas, water and steam. The par- 
sonage was built in '85, at a cost of about $5,000. It is a brick, of handsome 
gothic design, and a model of convenience throughout. Father Frey was 
educated in Germany and graduated in theology from Louvaine, in 
Belgium. He came to Buffalo in 1878 and assisted in the priesthood there 
prior to coming to his present charge. In his parish are about 200 families 
and 150 children are enrolled in the parochial school. 

ST. HYACINTHl's R. C. CHURCH. 

Under charge of Father Lanz the Polish church, costing about $10,000, 
was erected in 1875. Fathers Bratkiewicz, Schneider, Klawieter, Lebiecki 
and Ciszek officiated prior to the present pastor, Victor Zarenczny, who was 
educated in Europe and has been twenty years in the ministry. There are 
some 200 Polish families and about 175 children in the parochial school. 
Father Z. has in contemplation the erection of a $5,000 brick school house 
next year. 

GERMAN M. E. CHURCH. 

The German M. E. Church was organized in 1855, by Rev. G. Sauter, 
presiding elder of this district, assisted by Rev. D. Osborne, of the First M. 
E. Church. Rev. Wm. Buettner was the first regular pastor and was suc- 
ceeded by Revs. Blinn, Wallon, Meyer, Hoppman, Schlueter, Moelling, 
Haendiges, Scherff, Flat, Groth, Groebe and the present pastor. Rev. G. Bob- 
lin, who came in April last. Rev. B. was educated in Germany, his native 
land, and has been in this country for eight years past. The church edifice 
was erected in 1859, and is a small frame structure. There are about 75 
communicants. 

ST. John's German evangelical church 

was organized with 25 members in 1856, by Rev. Voigt, of Buffalo, and the 
church, with seating capacity for 600, was erected two years later. Tlie first 
pastor was Rev. Strauss, succeeded by Revs. Peters, Wasalsky, Althaus, 
Wolff, Seipel, Schaefer, Simon, Krueger, Heiniger and the present pastor. 
Rev. G. Rueckert who is of German nativity and educated in Europe. He at- 
tended the English schools in Nebraska and came to the charge of St. John's 
German United Evangelical Church in May last. There are 186 families in 
this charoje. 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 13 

ST. Peter's (fourth street) Lutheran. 

Under the ministrations of Rev. Theo. Krueger a disaffection occurred 
in the German United Evangelical Church and a portion of the members 
under his leadership formed the St. Peter's (Fourth street) Lutheran 
Church. The brick edifice formerly used by the Free Methodists was pur- 
chased for $2,750, and Rev. Crusius, of Westfield, occupies the pulpit on 
Sabbath mornings. The church has about 40 members. 

ST. Peter's (eagle street) Lutheran. 

The Eagle Street German Evangelical Lutheran Church was organized 
in May, 1887, from members who were not satisfied with the management 
of the Fourth Street St. Peter's Church. Some 10 or 12 families uniting 
under the ministrations of Rev. George Seel to form the nucleus for the 
organization. For a time worship was conducted in the old Free Metho- 
dist house at the corner of Fox and Fifth streets, but tnrough the generosity 
of Henry Fink the new organization built a neat frame church on Eagle 
street, which, with grounds, cost $6,600. It was dedicated in December, 
1887, and some 75 families are now connected with this church. Rev. Seel 
is a native of Rochester ; was educated at Fort Wayne, Ind., taking a theo- 
logical course at St. Louis. 

ZION EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION'. 

The Zion Evangelical Association was organized in 1865 with nine 
members, by Rev. J. J. Bernhardt, first pastor, and the church edifice, which 
will seat 250, was erected that year at a cost of $2,200. The present mem- 
bership is about 70, and Rev. C. A. Spies, of Canada, has officiated for some 
months as pastor. 

CITY HALL CONGREGATION. 

In 1880 Rev. E. P. Adams, who had been pastor of the First Presby- 
terian Church since 1876, by his liberal views on doctrinal points rendered 
himself objectionable to the minority of his congregation who adhered 
strictly to Presbyterian doctrines. The result was that he was deposed by 
the Buffalo Presbytery. A large number of the Presbyterian Church mem- 
bership sympathized with the doctrines preached, and at their request Mr. 
Adams opened services in the City Hall. Thus started into existence 
an independent congregation which bears no sectarian name, and whose 
services are very simple. A small rental is paid to the city for use of the 
hall, and both the pastor's support and all incidental expenses are main- 
tained by free contributions. Mr. Adams was originally from East Bloom - 
field, Ontario county, and is a graduate of Llamilton College and Auburn 
Theological Seminary. 

PUBLIC MATTERS.— Buffalo and Erie were the nearest post 
offices for the people of this section up to 1806. The first post office in 
Chautauqua county was established at Westfield in that year and a mail 
carried by John Metcalf from Buffalo to Erie, via Westfield, every fortnight. 
Adam Fink was postmaster here prior to 1840, and was succeeded by W. 
L. Carpenter, L. B. Brown, George Stockton and P. Barrett. With the 
advent of the Avar came R. L. Cary, S. L. Wilson in '68, J. K. Patterson '70, 



14 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

L. L Hyde 72, Patterson and Hyde both serving a second term. A. W. 
Popple was appointed in 1876 but died shortly afterwards, and was suc- 
ooL'ded by his widow, who served until the present incumbent was ap- 
pointed in 1880. Clarence M. Reed is a native of the county and has been 
a resident of this vicinity from childliood. He was clerk in the office for. 
sixteen years prior to his receiving his appointment ajid is just closing a 
second four-years term as postmaster, being one of the few republicans who 
still hold otlico under the commission of an ex-president, now dead. 

Dunkirk has had, for some years past, a steady growth in its volume of 
mail matter, the oilice now handling some thirty-five pouches of matter 
daily. About a dozen mails are received each day, and a similar number 
forwarded to points east, west and south. The carrier system was put into 
effect here Sept. 1, 1887, and the office rates as second class. The carriers 
are E. A. Graff, J. D. O'Connor, J. F. Maloney and M. S. Mazany. H. H. 
Droege officiates as delivery clerk, and Thos. P. Heffernan as assistant post- 
master. 

Collector of Cushwis. — The customs officer of this port is John Madigan, 
an old lumber dealer and resident of Dunkirk since 1851. Mr. Madigan 
has been secretary of the Water Board for fifteen years past and variously 
interested in public matters. He was appointed customs collector in 1887. 

CITY GOVERNMENT. 

The City Hall was originally used as a state armory, and in 1876 was 
purchased by the municipality at a nominal figure. The building is a 
handsome brick structure surrounded with grassy lawns and with the 
grounds is at present, doubtless, worth over $20,000. It contains the city 
jail, a hall for socials, societies, caucuses, etc., and various rooms for city 
purposes. 

The present councilmen are : Charles J. Flahaven, Byron Rathbun, M. J. 
O'Donnell, Patrick Higgins, Cornelius Stumm, S. M. ^Smith, Thomas C. 
Jones, Harry J. Gibbs, Jr. 

Thomas Lunt officiates as street commissioner, and has done much 
valuable service in that capacity. 

John H. Lascelles, city treasurer, is a young banker of rising prominence 
and a native of the place. His connection with both our banks, and re- 
election to the office of treasurer, for several years past, shows that he 
enjoys the confidence of Dunkirk's citizens. 

Frank G. Gould^ an old resident of the city, was first elected clerk of the 
city some ten years ago, and has again been in the service for three or four 
years past. Mr. G. has been in the employ of the Eric road at this place 
for twenty-four years, having officiated as cashier of the freight department 
for eight years past. 

Walter D. Holt, the city Attorney, has grown up in this place, and made 
an honorable record as a practicing attorney, with his lather, in Dunkirk. 
He has served in the office for six years past. 

George M. Newton, the city engineer, is a native of Fredonia, and as his 
father was an engineer, he was raised in the business. Stephen M. Newton 
was chief engineer of the D., A. V. t^- P. R. R., and George M. was appointed 
as engineer to a division of the Chicago c<: Atlantic road in 1881. Four 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 15 

years since he accepted the position which he now holds here, and under 
his supervision several important grades and sewers have been established. 
Mr. Newton handles real estate and does other civil engineer work as well. 
William Bookstaver, the mayor of Dunkirk, is a native of Orange coun- 
ty. N. Y. He came to this place in April, 1855. He has been supervisor 
here for the past fourteen years, and upon the resignation of Mayor Hinman, 
in 1887, he was appointed by the board of aldermen to fill the unex])ired 
term, having been almost unanimously elected by the peoi)le, last s})ring, 
to continue the office. Mayor Bookstaver was, in 1886, appointed chairman 
of the prison commission for this state. He has been in real estate business 
for twenty-five years past, under which heading his business will have 
notice. 

WATER WORKS, FIRE PROTECTION, ELECTRIC LIGHT. 

By a special act of the Legislature, in 1871, a Board of Water Commis- 
sioners was created for Dunkirk, and the water works was erected the suc- 
ceeding year. The present board is J. S. Beggs, president ; W. T. Colman, 
treasurer; John Madigan, secretary ; M. L. Hinman, David Russell, J. T. 
Williams, Wm. Bookstaver and Louis Heyl. The water is drawn through 
a crib in Lake Erie, near the beacon light, and forced by the powerful Holly 
system through more than twenty miles of mains. There are 112 fire hy- 
drants and at a minute's notice extra force can be supplied from the works, 
so that the use of fire engines is superfluous. 

Since the erection of the works no serious conflagration has occurred. 
The system cost the city more than $100,000; but from the great conven- 
ience to public places and manufactories, as well as the ample protection 
afforded against fires (in connection with the well-manned hose companies), 
it has well paid for this outlay and is an essential part of our city's prosper- 
ity. The works have a capacity of four million gallons per day, although 
the water consumed seldom exceeds one-half that amount. The institution 
has about 1,000 patrons. Geo. M. Abell, the superintendent, was born at 
Fredonia, but has lived in Dunkirk since 1827. He has been on the water 
board for twelve years and the superintendent for seven years past. C. J. 
('arney, of Boston, has been chief engineer and superintendent' of machin- 
ery for fifteen years past. He is ably assisted by Dennis Ready, who has 
been with the works almost from its beginning. E. Haycroft has also been 
assistant Engineer for four years past. 

The city has, during the present year, put in an electric light plant 
worth $12,000, which is giving splendid light. Two 35-arc dynamos are in 
position in the water works building, and run by power from the boilers of 
that institution. 

EXPRESS, TELEGRAPH, ETC. 

The American Express opened an office in Dunkirk with the advent of 
railroads here in 1852 and now operates through all the roads centering here, 
excepting the Erie. This system has 5,000 agencies, extending over 36,000 
miles of railroad, and, with its connections, reaches to ever}^ state and ter- 
ritory. During the spring and fall seasons of al)out six weeks each, the 
shipping of grape roots by express from this place is a very important in- 
dustrial feature, as many thousands of these are sent out, diverging to every 



16 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

state in the union. C. M. Burton, a native of Brocton, for eight years with 
the compan}^, has charge of the office here, assisted by five other emplo3^es. 

The Wells-Fargo Express opened up business in Dunkirk, June 15th, 1888, 
and operates over the Erie Hnes and branches, completing the route from 
ocean to ocean, shipping from this place fish, fruits, grape roots, etc. The 
Wells-Fargo Express was one of the pioneer companies of the west, having 
been started in about 1850. F. W. Ames, manager, is a native of Ithaca, 
N. Y., and has been in the express business for a half dozen years past. 
He has a couple of assistants, the headquarters of the business being in the 
Erie depot. 

W. U. Telegraph. — John A. Townsend, manager Western Union Tele- 
graph office, w^as born in Ohio, and has been engaged in telegraphy thirty- 
nine years. He came to Dunkirk as manager of the "O'Reilly " office in 
November, 1851. Three telegraph companies were then doing business 
here. The Western Union, which grew out of the consolidation of these and 
other companies, was organized in 1854. At the close of 1887 it owned or 
controlled 156,814 miles of poles, 524,741 miles of wire, and had 15,658 
offices. During 1887 it transmitted over fort^^-seven millions of messages. 
The number of persons serving the W. U. Co. is over 20,000, bat more than 
half of these are emplo3^ed and paid by railroad companies which handle 
W. U. messages by contract. In most of the smaller towns the railroad 
office is the only telegraph office in the place. 

Telephone Exchange. — The inventions of the present century have been 
very great, and, perhaps, two of the most important and most marvelous 
are the telephone and electric light. These electrical outgrowths, which 
hardly had a mention in the census reports of 1880, will in 1890 show 
many millions of dollars invested in the manufacture of their various re- 
quirements, and many thousands of people employed in their management. 
Ten years ago, but just in an experimental stage, they have become 
almost a necessity, and but very few cities of importance are now without 
these wonderful agents of progression and convenience. The astute busi- 
ness man saves time and money by the use of the telephone, and expedites 
business by use of electric light. 

A local telephone exchange was established in Dunkirk in 1880, and 
in 1883 this place became a part of the system of the New York and Penn- 
sylvania Telephone and Telegraph Company. Dunkirk has about 80 
instruments, and is connected with Buffalo, Jamestown, Warren, Corry, 
Erie, and other important surrounding places. Thomas Timperly is line- 
man and night operator, while Miss Clara Emma Timperly attends the day 
exchange. Maj. J. H. Francis, of Erie, is the efficient manager for the 
district; J. W. Stearns is superintendent; and Wm. N. Eastabrook, of El- 
mira, N. Y., is general manager. 

BAISKING INTERESTS.— The banking interests of a commu- 
nity are of great importance to the general welfare, and the standing of the 
men at the head of these institutions is a matter which concerns every 
person in the city. W^e can confidently refer to the banking officers of 
this place as a strictly reliable, conservative and enterprising set of men. 
The banks here are backed by good capital, judiciously managed, and a 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 17 

suspicion of unsoundness in an}^ respect has never rested upon them. 
This condition of matters adds largely to the general standing of Dunkirk, 
but the banking capital is less than a quarter of a million, and it might 
with propriety be increased to double that amount. 

The first bank started in Dunkirk was a bank of issue by A. J. Webb 
about 1844. H. J. Miner, who had been in the banking business at Fre- 
donia, moved here about 1858, and .later was joined by Dr. Benedict in the 
enterprise. About 1851 the New York and Erie bank was started, princi- 
pally by NewTork capital, and some four years later this corporation 
moved to Buffalo. Truman R. Colman, of Cattaraugus county, purchased 
the building which had been erected by the above cor^^oration, and March 
1855 opened up the Lake Shore Banking Company. Mr. Colman served 
as president and principal stockholder throughout the existence of this 
company, and when the 

LAKE SHORE NATIONAL BANK 

was organized in April, 1883, he continued as head of the corporation until 
his death, in 1885, when his son, W. T. Colman, succeeded him in the 
presidency. The Lake Shore National Bank came into existence on a 
sound basis, under the management of sterling financiers, and its five years 
of business shows an enviable record. The capital stock is $105,000; 
present surplus over $50,000, and a semi-annual dividend of five per cent, 
is regularly declared. W. T. Colman, the president, has resided in Dun- 
kirk from boyhood and has been raised in the banking business. M. L. 
Hinman, vice president, has been connected with the Lake Shore National 
Bank since its organization ; is a public spirited citizen, and, being prominent- 
ly connected with the Brooks Locomotive Works, will have a mention under 
that heading. A. J. Lunt, a native of Dunkirk, has been connected with 
this institution for 14 years, and officiating as cashier since its change to a 
national bank five years ago. F. E. Van Devort, assisted by G. A. Starr, has 
charge of the books. The directors are : The President and Vice Presi- 
dent, C. M. Dow, L. FuUagar, G. P. Saunders, F. H. Colman, and A. H. 
Marsh. 

merchants' national BANK. 

This monetary institution w^as organized as a national bank March 6, 
1882, and has made a very creditable record. The project was inaugurated 
by leading Dunkirk citizens, and the $100,000 capital stock easily secured. 
Its quarterly statements show a healthy condition of its financial affairs, 
and the large deposits of customers indicate its popularit}^ with the busi- 
ness men of Dunkirk. Regular semi-annual dividends are declared, and a 
present surplus of $15,500 is on hand. The handsome and convenient 
building, corner of Lion and Third streets, was purchased by the corpora- 
tion at its outset. S. M. Clement, the president, resides in Buffalo, being 
the president of the Marine Bank of that city. C. D. Murray, vice 
president, is an old resident of Dunkirk and prominent in the legal pro- 
fession here, under which heading he will be noticed. John H. Lascelles, 
the cashier, is a native of this city, and was formerly connected with the 
Lake Shore Bank as teller. He is assisted by Hervey S. Champlin, and 
John A. Toomey is book-keeper. 



18 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

Langley Fullagar was prominent in the organization of the institution, 
. served as its president for some years and still continues his valuable ad- 
visory assistance. The directors are : L. Fullagar, S. M. Clement, C. D. Mur- 
ray, J. H. Lascelles, Charles Bremer, Jacob Wertner, Wm. Zimmerman ^ 
John Madigan and Frank May. ' 

I^ AILROADS. — Railroad development for this section of country 
was early projected but was not carried into practical effect until after the 
half-way year of the century had been passed. Tramways and horse-car 
roads were in use before the beginning of this century, and in 1802 Trevithick 
took out the first patent " for adapting a steam engine to powers of loco- 
motion," although Watt is said to have invented one previously. Several 
other patents were obtained, but none of practical utility until George 
Stephenson's " Rocket," which was run from Liverpool to Manchester, Eng- 
land, was built in 1829. This, then wonderful locomotive, weighed but 7J 
tons and could draw 44 tons at the rate of 14 miles an hour. Peter Cooper 
built the first American locomotive for the Baltimore & Ohio road in 1830 
and the same year an engine was built, for the South Carolina Railroad by 
E. L. Miller, at New York. The South Carohna road was completed from 
Charleston to Camden, 136 miles, by 1833, and for several vears continued 
to be the longest railroad in America. In 1832 the Buffalo & Erie company 
was formed, but the New York & Lake Erie Railroad was the first to bring 
the iron horse into Dunkirk, having been completed to this city in 1851. 
On that occasion President Fillmore, Stephen A. Douglass, Daniel Web- 
ster and other noted men were here to assist in the oratorical effusions for 
the opening. The Buffalo & State Line road was opened to Dunkirk Jan- 
uary 1, 1852, and a year later was extended to Buffalo. This company 
purchased the Erie & North East road, and in 1869 consolidated with the 
Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, now making the Lake Shore trunk line 
from Buffalo to Chicago. 

NEW YORK, LAKE ERIE & WESTERN RAILROAD. 

The original charter for the Erie Railway was granted in 1837, but it 
was about five years before the first section of 46 miles between Piermont 
and Goshen was in active operation. It was subsequently extended to Port 
Jervis and Susquehanna, reaching the latter place about 1848. A year or 
two later it was determined to complete the line to Lake Erie as speedily 
as possible, and November 28, 1850, H. G. Brooks, the late lamented presi- 
dent of the Brooks Locomotive Works, first sounded the whistle of the iron 
horse in. Dunkirk, having, by a two months journey, brought his engine 
via the Erie Canal, to Buffalo, and then by schooner to this harbor, to take 
charge of a construction train on the western division. The succeeding 
year the road was opened through, and this place put in connection with 
the eastern markets by rail. This was practically the birth of Dunkirk, 
which, in 1859, was chartered as a city, and, although it has since had 
reverses, it is now in a prosperous condition. The Erie Hues have been ex- 
tended from time to time until it is now a great through system from New 
York to Chicago, with many important branches, and the company operates 
1,788 miles of road. 

The Erie has always been an important factor in Dunkirk's prosperity, 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 19 

as this is the western terminus of that Hne in this state, but the main 
through line to Chicago, as will be seen by map on another page, goes via 
the old " Nypano," and the passenger service on this division has been 
abridged too much, yet it presents many advantages of travel, not the least 
of which is the magnificent scenery along this route, the through equip- 
ments of train service and close connections with other important lines. 

When the Erie first began its work for the public the whole railwa}r 
service of the world was about 5,000 miles, while to-day it foots up the 
grand total of 162,000 miles in the United States alone. Travel by rail was 
then very limited, now we find the number of miles made by all passengers 
in the United States to aggregate in a single year over ten and a half 
billions, and the tonnage of freight business to equal the moving of sixty 
billions of tons one mile. The financial condition shows that this is a very 
prosperous year and is a sure index that the general business of the 
country is in a flourishing condition. 

The general offices are at New York. John King, president ; and L. 
P. Farmer, general passenger agent. John S. Beggs, the agent here, was 
one of the original surveyors, and has been Avith the road for 40 years. He 
officiated as division superintendent for 16 years, but when the division 
officers were removed to Hornellsville he declined to move his family 
form this city and resigned that office, accepting the local agency here in- 
stead. One of the oldest railroad men here is Charles H. Sherman, who 
began the business on the Boston & Maine road in 1839. Mr. Sherman has 
the honor of having brought the first through train to Dunkirk, as engineer, 
in 1851, and has ever since been in the employ of the Erie, having the 
charge of engines and cars on this division. G. B. Evarts, the baggage- 
master, is a native of Cuba, N. Y. ; came to Dunkirk in 1865, served as 
conductor on the Erie for some years, and for five years past has been 
baggage-master at this depot. 

LAKE SHORE & MICHIGAN SOUTHERN RAILROAD. 

This road was completed from Buff'alo to Chicago in 1869, by the con- 
solidation of various local companies. The Lake Shore Company's main 
line is 540 miles in length, the branches and proprietary roads owned by 
the company aggregate 485 miles, and five leased roads add 314 additional, 
making a total of 1,341 miles. The construction and equipment of this 
vast system has cost about $100,000,000. To operate this system of roads for 
the year 1887 cost over $11,000,000, and the gross earnings were $18,710,963, 
leaving net earnings of $7,681,165, an increase of over 1* million from the 
preceding year. From the auditor's report for 1887 we learn that the total 
tonnage of freight forwarded last year was nearly 10,000,000 of tons, 
equivalent to carrying 1,843,785,896 tons one mile. The amount forwarded 
from Dunkirk by the Lake Shore was a fraction less than 100,000 tons, and 
the receipts nearly half as much, only five stations between Buffalo and 
Chicago making a better record. The travel by all passengers on this 
system foots up a grand total of over 205,000,000 of miles annually, and 
the record from Dunkirk last year shows that 42,903 passengers embarked 
from this station, a result largely due to the fact of a passenger service 
which daily runs eight trains each way. Nearly 50 men are on the pay- 



20 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

roll of H. M. Taylor, the local agent here, who has been vv^ith this company 
for 20 years as agent and operator, and for four years past in charge bf the 
Dunkirk office. The freight building of the Lake Shore is conveniently 
located in the business center, extending from Buffalo to Elk street. Geo. 
E. Gibson, freight cashier, has been 18 years with the company. The 
Union ticket office of the Lake Shore and Erie is in our substantial 
commodious and handsomely covered Union Depot, which was originally 
built by the Erie Company in 1851. It is in charge of John Bourne, a 
native of Fredonia, who has officiated in this department for 16 years, as- 
sisted by H. H. Roberts for the past seven years. John Fennell, a native of 
the Emerald Isle, has for 36 years kept a ]3lace in this depot, having been 
baggage-master for a quarter of a century. He is assisted by his son, T. 
B. Fennell, and P. J. Buckley. One of the oldest employes here is the yard- 
master, H. C. Johnson, who came to this place with the advent of the Erie 
road, and has served at Dunkirk ever since with the exception of five years' 
stay at Buffalo. F. H. Starr, operator, is a native of Dunkirk, and for 11 
years past in his present position. 

From its extensive connections and well equipped passenger and freight 
service the Lake Shore road is an indispensible factor to the commercial 
and manufacturing importance of Dunkirk. The general offices are at 
Cleveland, Ohio. John Newell, president; P.P.Wright, superintendent: 
and A. J. Smith, general passenger agent. 

DUNKIRK, ALLEGHENY VALLEY & PITTSBURGH. 

Perhaps no other agency contributes so materially and certainly to the 
up building of any city as railroads. Good harbors are an important 
feature, but without railroad connections their material value is greatly di- 
minished and practically paralized. Manufactories are a very essential 
feature but entirely unable to do an extended business and cope with com- 
petition unless they have the advantages of good transportation facilities. 
Hence, our citizens were glad to welcome the advent of the above railroad 
in 1870 for the additional facilities which it gave to this place as a com- 
mercial center. The D., A. V. & P. extends from this city to Titusville, Pa., 
a distance of 90 miles, passing through the rich agricultural districts of this 
county, along side the picturesque Spiritual camping grounds at Cassadaga 
Lake, connecting with the N. Y., P. & 0. at Falconer, near Jamestown, 
thence through the Warren oil regions, connecting at Irvineton with the 
Philadelphia & Erie and the W. N. Y. & P. railways, and at Titusville with 
all roads centering there, so that through its connections it has full access 
to the coal, oil and lumber fields. The road is now operated by the New 
York Central under lease, the general offices of the Dunkirk division being 
at the corner of Third and Lion streets. Darwin Thayer, general superin- 
tendent, is a native of Vermont, railroading for over 35 years, and with the 
D., A. V. & P. since 1871. Charles A. Clute, assistant superintendent, is 
from Ohio, and also with the road since '71. Wm. M. Lester, the auditor, 
has been here a similar length of time ; and Charles G. Thayer, cashier, for 
several years past. J. C. Haggett, a native of Maine, has officiated as 
master mechanic and car builder of this road for 18 years, and operates 
some 60 men in his department, the shops being near the Nickel Plate 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 21 

depot. E. D. Worcester, of New York, officiates as president, and W. D. 
Pardee is secretary and treasurer. The D., A. V. & P. contrioutes materially 
to the transportation advantages of Dunkirk and should receive a proper 
consideration from our people. 

NEW YORK^ CHICAGO & ST. LOUIS RAILROAD. 

The latest addition to the transportation facilities of Dunkirk was the 
completion of the New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad in October, 
1882. This line is 523 miles in length, and was pushed to completion 
in a short space of time that 40 years ago would have been an impossibility. 

The depot of the " Nickel Plate " and W. N. Y. & P. are near Central 
avenue on the south side of the city and are conducted under a combined 
agency. Daniel Smith, the agent, is a native of Cincinnati, Ohio, and for 20 
years in railroad business. He came to this charge four years ago, and is 
assisted by C. C. Arnold, who had charge of the W. N. Y. & P. before the 
two offices were combined. Fred. Canfield and George W. Doherty attend 
to the ticket and telegraph business. The nucleus of the 

WESTERN NEW YORK & PENNSYLVANIA 

Was the original "Crosscut" from Corry to Brocton, and has been ex- 
tended until it now reaches from Buffalo to Pittsburgh, via Brocton, Corry 
and Oil City. It was built through Dunkirk in 1882, and after the com- 
pletion of the Nickel Plate occupied joint depots. We are sorrv to add 
that the general passenger agent at Buffalo does not think their interests in 
Dunkirk will justify them in giving any assistance in the distribution ot 
this work. 

PROFESSIONAL. — The first permanent practitioner in Dunkirk 
was Dr. Ezra Williams, who came here from Utica, N. Y., about 18^0. Drs. 
Day, Daniel Gould and Thomas Frame, and perhaps others, were here 
prior to 1850, and about that time Dr. J. T. Williams commenced practic- 
ing with his father in this place, graduating from Castleton (now Rutland) 
Medical College of Vermont in 1851. Dr. Williams continued in active 
practice here about 20 years, and has since been variously engaged, being 
at present one of the proprietors of the Dunkirk Printing Company. In 
1852 Dr. H. M. T. Smith located in practice here and continued until he 
changed to the drug trade, having erected the building and established the 
business at 215 Center street. Dr. Irwin was surgeon here when the war 
began and went into the volunteer service. Dr. Matteson was prominent 
in practice here for 10 years prior to his death in 1867. 

Dr. Henry Raymond Rogers was born in Maine in 1822 ; graduated from 
the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia in 1851, and the next year 
located in practice here, which he still continues. This has been a century 
of progression, and especially so in the development of electrical phe- 
nomena. Dr. Rogers has not only kept pace with the march of science, 
but has presented some uncontrovertible arguments to prove that all 
physical phenomena, without an exception, are the mere transformation of 
the electrical energy. Dr. Rogers defines electricity as a fourth (or radiant) 
form of matter, and from it, with the magnetic atmosphere, comes light, 
heat, winds, sound, etc. The doctor's many carefully written articles on 



22 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

these theories, as well as numerous papers upon medical subjects, has made 
him widely known as a scientific investia^ator. He is a fellow of the New 
York State Medical Society and member of the American Medical Asso- 
ciation, also, of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. 

Dr. Samuel M. Smith was born in 1826 ^t Rensselserville, Albany 
county, New York, and after five years«of study, practicing with his pre- 
ceptor and in a hospital in the meantime, he graduated from the Albany 
Medical (now a branch of Union College) in 1849. Dr. Smith practiced in 
Springfield, Mass., for several years, locating in Dunkirk in 1861. He has 
made a prominent record in his profession ; is the pension examiner here, 
and for several terms officiated as president of the Chautauqua County 
Medical Society. The doctor has been and still is connected with Dun- 
kirk's manufacturing interests, and has rendered the city efficient services 
as health officer and councilman. 

Dr. Wm. J. Cronyn is a native of Canada, but has resided in New York 
from boyhood. He entered in the 30th Michigan Infantry in 1864, when 
but 15 years of age, and served till the close of the war. Dr. Cronyn gradu- 
ated from the medical department of the University of Buffalo in 1870; 
was surgeon in the navy from 1873 to 1876, and has since been practicing 
in Dunkirk. In 1876 and 77 Dr. Cronyn published the Dunkirk Semi- 
Weekly Tribune. He has been a member of the city council and board of 
education, secretary and treasurer of Chautauqua County Medical Society, 
and a member of the board of censors, state medical director, and promi- 
nent official in the G. A. R. The doctor's office and residence is corner of 
Fifth and Deer streets. 

Dr. George E. Blackham was born in Jersey City, and graduated from 
the medical department of the Buffalo University in 1870. Dr. Blackham 
has been a scientific investigator in the microscopical field, is past president 
of the American Microscopical Society, a fellow of the Royal Microscopical 
Society of Landon, and a fellow of the American Association for the Ad- 
vancement of Science. For six years past he has made a specialty of the 
eye, ear, throat and nose. Dr. S. served as regemental hospital steward in 
the 187th New York. 

Dr. D. G. Ailing is a native of Norwalk, Ohio ; studied the homoeo- 
pathic theory, later graduated from the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 
and was assistant surgeon in the 91st Regiment 0. V. I. Dr. Ailing located 
in Dunkirk in 1867, and for more than a decade was a merchant of this 
place, but for half a dozen years past has been strictly engaged in the 
homoeopathic practice. The doctor is a member of the Western New York 
Homoeopathic Society, and prominent in his profession. 

Dr. Isabella H. Stanley is a native of England, and resident of Dunkirk 
since 1864. She began the study of medicine in 1879, and graduated from 
the medical department of the Buffalo University in 1883, having since 
been engaged in practice here. Dr. Stanley is the wife of the popular mail 
agent, C. S. Stanley, and has her office at No. 226 Center street. She has 
especially prepared herself for the treatment of women's and children's 
diseases, but also does a general practice. 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 23 

Dr. F. S. Jackson is a native of Syracuse, N. Y.,but resided in Dunkirk 
from early childhood. Dr. Jackson commenced the study of medicine 
about 1870, and after a thorough course graduated from the University of 
New York six years ago and located in this city, where he has since been 
in practice. His office is at No. 431 Deer street. 

Dr. R. T. Rolph is a native of this county, and graduated from the 
Buffalo Medical College in 1873. He located in Dakota and practiced at 
Fargo for 1 1 years, returning to his native county in July of the present 
year. Dr. Rolph has a convenient and pleasant location at No. 301, corner 
Third street and Central avenue. 

Dr. J. J. SuUivati was born at Batavia, N. Y., graduated from the 
Buffalo Medical College, and located in Dunkirk the early part of last year. 
Dr. Sullivan has convenient rooms as No. 309 Lion street, and has made a 
successful record for his short time in practice here. 

Dr. I. W. Pond graduated at the New York Homoeopathic Medical 
College in 1870, having since been practicing in Pennsylvania and this 
state. He came to Dunkirk about seven years ago, and is at present located 
at No. 58 Lake street. 

DEKTAL PROFESSION". 

Dentistry is comparatively a science of modern date, and the great im- 
portance of the teeth to health, comfort and beauty, is now very much 
more appreciated than it was at the beginning of the present century. It 
is doubtless a fact, that in consequence of plain diet and rough bread, 
(which furnished more of the phosphates than our present system of bolted 
fine flour), that the teeth of our ancestors were, as a rule, much less subject 
to decay than those of the present age. Be that as it may, we should make 
the best of what we have and preserve the natural teeth intact as long as 
possible, for no artificial set can be a perfect substitute. The best rule for 
preservation briefly given is the rigid enforcement of absolute cleanliness. 
Thoroughly rinse out the mouth upon rising and retiring and every time 
after eating. The quill pick, a good brush and equal quantities of pre- 
pared chalk and powdered orris root are also good adjuncts, being careful 
to always reach every part of each tooth. For tartar, irregularity, decay, 
or other special conditions, consult a competent dentist. Do not neglect 
the teeth till they ache, and always have a toolh filled if it can be saved. 
It is a good plan to have a dentist examine the mouth once or twice each 
year, as prompt treatment saves much trouble and expense. 

Dr. Byron Rathbun is a native of Pennsylvania, and began the study 
of dentistry 37 years ago. Four years later he commenced practice, and 
has now been for 28 years at his present location, No. 215 Center street. 
He is the oldest dentist in the city and has a well earned reputation in the 
profession. His office is fully equipped with modern appliances. Dr. 
Rathbun has filled various local offices, and is at present an influential 
member of the city council. 

Dr. H. J. Howe was born in Schoharie county, N. Y., and began the 
practice of dentistry in Delaware county in 1862, 20 years since removing 
to Dunkirk, where he has continued in practice and the sale of musical 
instruments. Dr. Howe has been especially successful in his administra- 



24 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

tions of nitrous oxide; runs his dental engine with a water motor, and has 
several unique patents of his own invention which he uses in practice at No. 
29 East Third street. 

Dr, Edward H. Emerson was born in England, came to America in 
childhood, graduated from the Canadian Dental College of Toronto, Ont., 
and has been in practice for 20 years, the last 12 years in Dunkirk. He 
has convenient office and residence rooms at 132 Center street, where he 
attends to all departments of dentistry. 

Dr. A. A. Stone is a native of Cattaraugus county, and has been 27 
years in dental practice at Sinclairville, having opened a branch office here 
in February, 1884, over the Lake Shore National Bank. Dr. Stone spends 
Monday and Thursday of each week in the Dunkirk office. 

ATTOKNEYS, JUSTICES, ETC. 

Charles D. Murray was born in Guilford, Chenango county. May, 
1831, removing in childhood to Cattaraugus county. In 1850 he went to 
California where he remained. till 1855, engaged in shipping to Oregon and 
other places, making two trips to Australia in the meantime. Returning 
to Hinsdale, N. Y., he engaged extensively in lumbering, but the panic of 
^57 carried away all his property; and later, while route agent on the Erie 
Railroad in the mail service, having some leisure each day he entered the 
office of Reynolds & Brundage, in Hornellsville, as a student at law. In 
1861 he was admitted to the Supreme Court of this state, commenced 
practicing at Hinsdale and remained there till August, 1864, when he came 
to Dunkirk, where he has since remained and has obtained an extensive 
practice. 

Holt (§ Holt. — Dunkirk not being a county --seat, it does not present a 
very inviting field for the young attorney, but some of the older heads by 
steady industry have acquired a good country practice, which they hold in 
spite of more convenient counsellors. Among this number Walter W. Holt 
stands prominent. He is a native of Otsego county, N Y., and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1859, a few years later locating in Dunkirk, where he 
has since continued in practice. Mr. Holt was city counsellor for some 
years, but in 1882 resigned in favor of his son, Walter D., who is noticed 
in city matters. 

F. 8. Edwards was born in Connecticut in 1815, but has resided in 
New York from infancy. He was educated at Hamilton College, admitted 
to the bar in 1840, practicing for 10 years at Albany prior to removing to 
this vicinity in 1851. He was elected special county judge, and in 1854 re- 
signed that position for an election to congress. Judge Edwards has held 
various other official positions, and has now been for 24 years in practice at 
Dunkirk. His office is at No. 300 Central avenue. 

8tear7is & Kinsley. — L. F. Stearns is a native of this county, attended 
Forestville Academy, was admitted to the bar in 1882 and at once located 
in Dunkirk, where he has since been in practice. W. L. Kinsley was born 
at Angola, Erie county; attended Forestville Academy and Hamilton Col- 
lege, and was admitted to the bar in 1880. He joined Mr. Stearns in May, 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 25 

1885, and the firm have good rooms and a handsome library at 221 Center 
street. Mr. Stearns was elected district attorney in 1886. 

WJiitman Clark is a native of Erie county, N. Y., and came to Dun- 
kirk in May, 1870. Mr. Clark is a millwright by trade, and deals in "Per- 
fection Water Wheels" and all kinds of machinery, engines and boilers, as 
well as a full line of '-Pagers Belting.-" Mr. Clark was elected justice of 
the peace in March, 1887, commencing the duties of the office the present 
year, and still continues the sale of machinery as before. His office is at 
309 Lion street. 

A. HoJstein is a native of Cassel, Germany, and a graduate of a poly- 
technic institute. He came to America in 1847, and five years later located 
in Dunkirk. Mr. Holstein was elected on the school board in 1867, was 
re-elected in 1881, and has since continued on the board, being the present 
secretary. He was elected justice in 1876, having, with the present year, 
entered upon his fourth four-year term. 

The Police Justice officiates for the town as well as the city. There 
are two police constables elected and three or more additional appointed. 
Justice 0. M. Hiller came to Dunkirk from Genesee county in 1852; was 
for a dozen years in the employ of the Erie Railroad, served a similar term 
as deputy sheriff, was elected as police justice in 1874 and '76, chosen in 
1885 to fill out an unexpired term and re-elected in 1887. 

Tlie Tax Receiver also officiates for the town as well as the city. The 
tax collected for the city annually is about $65,000, exclusive of sewer as- 
sessments, water rents, etc., on assessed vaUiation of $1,650,839. John C. 
Platte was reared in this city, and was in the mail service for 15 years prior 
to his election as receiver last spring. Jacob P. Groesch, his deputy, is a 
native of Dunkirk. 

CIVIL ENGINEERS. 

C. E. Hequemlourg is a native of Dunkirk, and has been engaged in 
business of civil engineer for 20 years past. He was an early oil operator in 
the Bradford district, and was one of the organizers of the Bradford Natural 
Gas and Heating Company in 1878, the first corporation of the kind in the 
country, and has continuously been its president. Mr. Hequembourg built 
the Dunkirk Water Works in 1871 and '72, and in 1873-4 built the Hyde 
Park and Lake Water Works of Chicago. He has served our city as 
engineer, and is president of the Commercial Association. Office in He- 
quembourg block, Central avenue. 

Walter Scott is a Philadelphian, was chief enginer for the Warren «& 
Jefferson Railroad, and also engineer of the construction company that 
built the D., A. V. & P. road; subsequently he was chief engineer in the 
building of the B., P. & W. Railroad. Mr. Scott served Dunkirk as city 
engineer for ten years, and is now officiating as United States inspector for 
the harbor improvements at Dunkirk. Mr. S. has a well filled library and 
convenient office rooms at 643 Central avenue. 

George M. Newton, engineer and real estate agent. (See City Govern- 
ment, page 14.) 



26 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

REAL ESTATE, FIRE AND LIFE INSURANCE. 

WM. bookstaver's real estate interests. 

In any live city there must needs be real estate transactions, and, per- 
haps, no man in the city is better prepared to do full justice to this busi- 
ness than Wm. Bookstaver. For 33 years past his interests have been here, 
and he has carefully studied the situation. His firm belief in the ultimate 
successful development of this city has been more fully confirmed in the 
present decade, and Mr. Bookstaver has not hesitated to invest his means 
m city property. Educated in law and admitted to the bar in 1858, Mr, B. 
has given his preference to the handling of real estate, and for 25 years 
past has been principally engaged in that interest, so that he has had 
abundance of time to fully understand the real values in both city and 
county. He owns an hundred acre tract just inside the corporation limits 
and blocks in various parts of the city suitable for manufacturing purposes, 
and ranging in size from 5 to 15 acres each. He has 25 dwelling houses and 
good residence or business lots in every ward of the city, any of which, for 
purposes of improvement, will be sold on easy terms, and as every indication 
points to a continued, if not rapid, increase in the development of this 
place, now is a propitious time for investment. Mr. Bookstaver's 13 years 
continuance as county supervisor, appointment as chairman of the prison 
commission, and almost unanimous election to his second term as mayor, 
are evidences of the high estimation in which he is held by our people, and 
a guarantee of his honorable dealings. 

J. H. VAN BUREN" & SON. 

Henry B. Van Buren, who located in Dunkirk in 1825, was one of the 
pioneer merchants of this place, and his son, James H. Van Buren, who was 
born here in 1831, is the oldest insurance agent in the city, having now been 
for a quarter of a century engaged in the business and having the agency for 
over twenty reliable companies, the gross assets of which foot up over One 
Hundred Millions of dollars. We will give only the names of a few of the 
most prominent, which is a sufficient guarantee that any interest of Dun- 
kirk, however large, can be fully covered by the various companies of this 
agency. The leaders are: Home, of New York; Hartford, of Connecticut; 
the Imperial and Royal, of England; the Franklin, of Philadelphia, and 
others quite as important. 

The insurance business is peculiar in many respects, and one important 
feature is that the busy business man has not always the time or means at 
hand to examine into the merits or reliability of the different companies. 
He can and should fully know the reputation and candor of the local agent, 
and when satisfied that he is dealing with an agency that would not counte- 
nance unreliable ventures, he has only to indicate the amount of insurance 
which he desires to carry and the trustworthy agent will look after every 
other detail, as it is to his interest to protect his customer as well as to 
secure his company against unnatural loss. Mr. Van Buren's methods of 
doing business are so well known by the citizens of Dunkirk as to need no 
further comment from us. In life insurance he writes for the Northwestern 
Mutual, of Milwaukee, a successful and well established company. 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK 27 

J. Lyman Van Buren accepted a partnership with his father in April 
last, thereby adding the vigor of youth to the experience of age in the 
business. The firm have rooms at 219 Center street, where, in addition to 
local business, they conduct the general agency for the Connecticut Fire 
Insurance Company for the state of New York. 

SAMUEL J. GIFFORD'S AGEKCY. 

An insurance business was established in Dunkirk about 1850 by the 
late Otis StiUman, which continued in active operation for more than 35 
years. S. J. Gifford has been for several years engaged as an insurance 
agent, and after the death of Mr. Stillman, in 1887, bought out the business 
of Stillman & Co., which makes this succession the oldest insurance agency 
in Dunkirk. Mr. Gifford does not claim to have the largest number of 
companies, but represents a number of the most reliable underwriters in the 
world, viz. : The JEtna, Phoenix and Orient, of Hartford; the Continental, 
of New York; the Liverpool and London and Globe, and Lancashire, of Eng- 
land; the Firemen's Fund and Union, of California. He carries the agency of 
the Mutual Life Insurance Company, of New York, the assets of which 
now foot up to the stupenduous sum of over 120 millions of dollars. The 
affairs of the company are conducted upon a very economical basis, and 
some of the most desirable forms of policies are issued, among which the 
20 year distribution investment policy is perhaps one of the most popular 
features. 

A large majority of the ablest men of our day are strong advocates and 
patrons of life insurance, so that it has become superfluous to present argu- 
ments in favor of this important precautionary measure of life, as every 
prudent and unselfish husband or father acknowledges the undoubted 
claims of those dependent upon him for protection. It becomes then only 
a question of the best company for economy and reliability. Mr. Gifford can 
conscientiously recommend the Mutual Life, of New York, as unexcelled 
in both these respects. Mr. G. is a native of Ashtabula, Ohio, and has 
been a resident of Dunkirk since 1854. In addition to insurance he does 
a real estate commission business. 

WM. ZIMMERMAN"N — INSURANCE AND OCEAN PASSAGE. 

William Zimmermann is a native of Bavaria, Germany; came to Dun- 
kirk in 1851, and for over 20 years past has conducted an insurance agency. 
He represents a number of leading companies, and in this respect we are 
pleased to say that Dunkirk has such efficient fire protection that our city 
has no trouble in securing the best fire insurance companies in the world. 
Mr. Zimmermann also makes a specialty of selling ocean passage tickets and 
foreign exchange. He represents the Hamburg, Bremen, Red Star and 
Inman lines of steamships, and in all his dealings has the entire confidence 
of our people. Mr. Zimmermann has served as mayor of the city, and is a 
member of the present Board of Education. 

CHAS. H. HARRIS — INSURANCE, ETC. 

Born in New Market, N. H., Charles H. Harris has been a resident of 
Dunkirk from childhood. He was for several years employe and agent of the 
American Express Company, and in 1875 began the insurance business. 



28 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

Mr. Harris represents the Sun Fire Office, of London; Fire Association, 
of Philadelphia; New Hampshire; American and Liberty, of New York; 
and writes for the well known Travelers^ Life and Accident Association, of 
Hartford, Conn. Recently Mr. Harris has added real estate transactions, 
and will buy and sell on commission all kinds of property and attend to 
rents, collections, etc. 



MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. 



The Leading Industries of the City. 

It is eminently proper in a descriptive review of this character that the 
men or corporations who have really done something, who have ventured 
their time and means to the establishment of industrial works, and liberally 
dispensed their money in our midst for the construction of buildings, salary 
to employes and purchase of material, should have a deserving mention in 
these pages. Such institutions risli large sums of money in buildings and 
machinery, surrounded by inflammable materials, and it is but fair that they 
should receive good percentages as a reward for their great risks, heavy out- 
lay of capital and business tact required in their operation. As these in- 
dustries use up the raw materials of the country at remunerative prices and 
dispense large amounts in weekly wages, which revert to the tills of our 
merchants and mechanics, the municipality can well afford to give them 
liberal inducements in the way of exemption from taxation or other sub- 
sidies. On thriving manufacturing industries the growth and continued 
prosperity of our city largely depends, and those who are working for its 
upbuilding should receive due credit. 

It is despicable for any citizen to speak against his own city, and to say 
regarding any enterprise to further its advancement, ^^Oh, its no use; you 
never can make anything out of this place." We are glad to note that there 
are very few here of this class, and those who feel so should move out and 
give place to others who are able to "see the day-star of future greatness 
arising. 

BROOKS LOCOMOTIVE WORKS. 

DUNKIRK'S LARGEST MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENT. 

When, in 1850, the late H. O. Brooks came to Dunkirk the possibilities 
of both the man and the town were as yet untried and undeveloped. As 
the town grew in numbers and importance the man kept pace with it and 
identified his interests here. Rising rapidly from engineer, through the 
grades of shop foreman, to master mechanic, and thence to division superin- 
tendent and superintendent of motive power on the Erie road, he, while in 
the latter position, was confronted in October, 1869, with an order from the 
president of the road to permanently close up the shops at Dunkirk. 
Hardly an hour's thought was necessary to conceive a plan to avert this 
stunning blow to the interests of Dunkirk, and a proposition was at once 
made by Mr. B. to lease the shops and go into the building of locomotives. 



OF DUNKIRK, ]^^EW YORK. 29 

He assumed the presidency and superintendency of the new company, and 
the work was at once commenced. The capacity of the enterprise in its 
infancy was but one locomotive per month, but under the wise direction of 
its founder it had increased to six per month in 1872. The financial 
crisis of '73 caused a great depression m business, and it was a half dozen 
years before the reaction fully set in. When business revived Mr. Brooks 
arranged to increase the output, and in 1883 over 200 locomotives were com- 
plm;ed, and each succeeding year additions have been made in tools, ma- 
chinery and buildings, with every needed device to simplify and lessen the 
cost of production in order to compete with older companies. 

In 1883 the works purchased the plant from the Erie Eailway Company. 
The grounds have an area of nearly 20 acres, and with its constant additions 
and improvements in buildings and machinery has now attained a capacity 
of 250 engines per year. The superb office buildings were erected about 
five years ago; have handsome and elaborately fitted apartments for the 
principal officers on the ground fioor; a large fire-proof vault and con- 
venient desks for about 15 clerks and book-keepers. The second floor is 
used for draughting rooms, where several mechanical engineers are em- 
ployed, and the third story is fully furnished, with seats, library, etc., as a 
school-room for apprentices. 

Several years since Mr. Brooks organized this technical school for ap- 
prentices, where a thorough knowledge of theories can be obtained to fully 
prepare them for practical application in the shops. The room will 
accommodate 60 or more students; has every needed appliance for suc- 
cessful teaching of the mechanical arts, and is in charge of competent in- 
structors. 

The Brooks works have, in addition to their acres of ponderous ma- 
chinery, a 150 incandescent and 60 arc electric light plant, with their 
intricate connections and subtile agencies to be looked after. 

Did our space permit we should be glad to go into the minute details 
of this institution with which Dunkirk's prosperity is inseparable, but as it 
has hundreds of machines and nearly 1,000 men in its employ it is entirely 
impracticable for us to attempt minutiae in detail. Suffice to say that it 
has a thorough system of railroad and truck tracks, ponderous machines 
for handling its numerous heavy pieces of castings, boilers, etc.; melting 
furnaces for copper, which appear to be as hot as hades; furnaces where 
tons of wrought iron scrap are daily heated for forging purposes; steam 
hammers which come with crushing blows of 30 to 50 tons; steam riveting 
machines in the boiler department, and everything necessary to handle a 
single part or the complete 70-ton engine. Every piece is made from an 
exact templet and can be duplicated by sending its description and the 
number of the engine to which it belonged. The pay-roll for employes 
foots up to the princely sum of $12,000 per week, and the annual output 
of the plant is about $2,500,000, and the excellency of these engines is sur- 
passed by no other works in the United States. There are many other 
features of interest worthy of mention regarding this thriving industry, 
but the above brief detail will give our readers a slight idea of these im- 
portant works which send their manufacture to all sections of the country 
and contribute very largely to Dunkirk's continued prosperity. 



30 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

The oflBcers of the Brooks Locomotive Works are: Edward Nichols, 
president; M. L. Hinman, vice president and treasurer; T. M. Hequem- 
bourg, secretary; David Russell, assistant superintendent; R. J. Gross, 
agent. 

MARTIN ANTI-FIRE CAR HEATER COMPANY. 

A RAPIDLY GROWIIS'G MANUFACTURIl^G ENTERPRISE. 

Among the most important industrial enterprises of this place, and one 
which is destmed to exert a wide influence for good over the entire railroad 
world, is the Martin Anti-Fire Car Heater Company, which has solved the 
problem of heating cars at the minimum cost and with absolute exemption 
from danger by fire. The frequent cremations, burning alive of passen- 
gers imprisoned in wrecks, and destruction of valuable property from fires 
caused by stoves in railway cars, have long been a subject for animated dis- 
cussion and worthy of inventive genius. To William Martin, of this city, 
who sought out, invented and developed the first practical plan, and to his 
associates who have assisted in putting it before an investigating public, are 
due the gratitude of all passengers traveling on lines using this system, for 
the safety and convenience afforded by its use. In order to give the readers 
of this sketch an accurate idea of the incipiency and present importance of 
an institution, the paramount idea of which is the saving of life, coupled 
with convenience and economy, we will begin by a brief mention of the in- 
ventor and president of the enterprise. 

William Martin is a native of England, was brought to America in 
childhood and in youth learned the machinists trade. In early manhood 
he was foreman of a New England woolen mill, and from thence engaged 
in theological study, and came to the charge of the First M. E. Church of 
Dunkirk in 1871. Ten years later an animated discussion arose regarding 
a plan of safety heating for cars, and Mr. Martin resolved to solve the 
problem. He devised the plan, had a model made in Erie, and induced the 
officials of the Dunkirk, Allegheny Valley & Pittsburgh Railroad to give 
the system a trial. Even in its experimental stage it worked well, and in 
May, 1882, while patents were pending, Frank E. Shaw, of Sinclairville, 
this county, and Charles A. Clute, assistant superintendent of the D., A. 
V. & P. R. R., joined Mr. Martin in forming a stock company with author- 
ized capital of $200,000 lor the prosecution of the business. 

Mr. Shaw had had a wide business experience with the public in this 
section of country and for several years on the Pacific coast. He brought 
with him a valuable experience for perfecting and conducting the affairs of 
the company. Its rapid development to the present time being largely due 
to his good tact and business sagacity. He officiates as vice president, and 
has, with Mr. Martin, an equal supervision of the business management. 
Charles A. Clute officiates as secretary and treasurer of the company. He 
is an Ohioan, and for 16 years past has been a railroad official in this state 
and Pennsylvania. R. B. Owen is the efficient general agent, looking after 
that department of the business. 

This system of heating was put on the " Bee Line" in May, 1884, and G. 
M. Beach, the general manager of that company, in a letter to Thomas Rus- 
sell, chairman of the board of railroad commissoners for Massachusetts, after 




h 



l.i' 



m 



lil- 


1 


\ IS' 1 


f 1 


■1 ,> 



yiif . V 









Piitji 



■"■"" /iifi ^ft'J 



,™/o„l''i'' -^ /^V 



.;i' ■!>, >»5 



32 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

two years trial, says: " '^ Our experience shows there is but very little trouble 
in operating the device, and absolutely no danger whatever, and, moreover, 
perfect safety from fire in the event of derailment of train. * * * \^e 
believe this principle of heating coaches to be the correct one and would be 
glad were all our passenger cars heated by that method." The additional 
steam required is scarcely, preceptible, the pressure used very low, and the 
escape so complete in case of accident as to obviate all danger from scalding 
by steam. The attachment is as easily made as the present steam brakes, 
and the heat of every car is entirely under control of the porter. The 
entire Vanderbilt system of railroads is now being fitted with this valuable 
invention, and several other important transportation lines already have it 
in use. It has stood the test of a thorough investigation for over six years, 
and its future wide spread development is now fully assured. 

During the present year the Martin Anti-Fire Heating Company have 
erected a handsome brick structure adjoining the Lake Shore tracks at the 
corner of Third and Dove streets, of which we give a full page illustration 
herewith. Capt. E. A. Curtis, of Fredonia, was the architect, and W. S. 
Cross, a life-long resident of Dunkirk, its builder. The arrangement for 
light is superb by day or by night. D. A. Barnes, of Syracuse, N. Y., who 
learned the machinists trade in his native city, having since been in the em- 
ploy of Struthers, Wells & Co., of Warren, and the J. T. Noye Manufac- 
turing Co., of Buffalo, came here to superintend the fitting of machinery in 
the new works, and continues as foreman of the shops. The structure is 
50x115 feet, three stories high and front finish containing tower for 
elevator An L 40x40 and smith shop 20x30 are adjacent. An iron 
foundry 40 x 80 has recently been added, and a large addition to the brass 
foundry just completed. The consumption of brass is now about a ton per 
day, and with the present rate of increase will doubtless continue to ad- 
vance in magnitude. These works are illuminated at night by a 75 light in- 
candescent dynamo of their own, and the power for the entire plant 
furnished by an 80 horse boiler, made by the Dunkirk Engineering Com- 
pany. A 30 horse automatic engine, the patent of F. B. Eice, of this city, 
runs the machinery at a 280-revolution speed per minute as noiselessly as a 
sewing machine, and is in charge of a competent engineer. W. E. Candee, 
of Erie county, N. Y., an old resident of Dunkirk, officiates as office 
manager. 

Mr. Martin obtained his first patent in November, 1880, and has since 
taken out seven or eight additional patents to secure his inventions. The 
system is now in operation on about 1,500 engines and cars, the output of 
1888, showing a business of over $500,000, and the indications are that the 
coming year will nearly double this record. Some 75 hands are now em- 
ployed, and with the recent addition to the works several more will be 
needed. 

Had we the space to spare we might well use another page in the de- 
tails of this institution, but we have said enough to partially indicate its 
importance and sufficient to illustrate the fact that Dunkirk has every 
facility for successful manufacture when such institutions are under the 
management of competent and industrious officers, and as we have a number 
of other industrial enterprises to review shall have to refer the interested 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 33 

railroad officials to the handsomely illustrated catalogue of this concern for 
minute information in detail. 

DUNKIRK ENGINEERING COMPANY. 

ENGINES, BOILERS AND GENERAL MACHINERY. 

For about 20 years the block bounded by Lion, Griswold, Wright and 
Ruggles streets was occupied by the well known Dunkirk Iron Works, and 
during most of that period was the scene of an active business in the manu- 
facture of engines, boilers and other products of a general foundry and 
machine works. The death of some of the owners, and other causes, com- 
bined in the last few years to suspend the operations of the establishment, 
;ind it passed from the hands of its former owners. In April, 1888, the 
)iew company purchased the real estate, machinery, patterns and tools, and 
to the plant they have added new machines and appliances for conducting 
their business in accordance with modern mechanical standards. The 
members of the new firm are: Edward Nichols, president of the Brooks 
Locomotive Works; Charles J. Carney, well known in Dunkirk and 
vicinity as a mechanical engineer; and Charles F. White, who came here 
from Missouri to enter the partnership. In the few months that have 
elapsed between the organization of the firm and the present writing neces- 
sarily a large share of their energies have been absorbed in getting the 
foundry , boiler making, smithing, pattern making, wood working and 
machine departments in first-class working order. Yet, withal, the new 
business obtained has been such as to promise well for the future, and an 
inspection of the works show several interesting machines in course of con- 
Htruction which it is believed will find ready fields among manufacturers. 
Among these are a series of machines especially designed for testing cast 
iron. The methods used are calculated to enable foundry men to practic- 
ally find out the qualities of the irons they have offered to them, and the 
machines used were first brought out by Mr. W. J. Keep, whose experi- 
ments on cast irons have attracted such wide spread notice. The company 
is also developing machines of new design — general testing of structural 
materials. Another machine worthy of note is a heavy planer for boiler 
and ship plates, designed to plane any length of plate at any desired angle. 
This machine has been very successful, yet a new design is in the draught- 
ing office which it is believed will excel the older form. 

About 50 skilled mechanics now find employment with the Dunkirk En- 
gineering Company, and with the natural increase from establishment, and 
the growth of industrial matters in the city, the capacity will doubtless 
soon be extended. Institutions of this character, which furnish the con- 
veniences for promptly fitting manufacturing establishments with motor 
power or other needed appliances, tend to encourage the development of 
industrial enterprises and assist in forming a permanent foundation for the 
manufacturing success of Dunkirk. 

MULHOLLAND SPRING COMPANY. 

THE MULHOLLAND SPRINGS, BODIES AND GEARS. 

As remarked at the outset of this department our manufacturing in- 
dustries are of vital importance to the city, and the above institution has 



34 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

contributed a fair share towards the general success of Dunkirk as a manu- 
facturing center. The Mulholland Spring is the patent of Richard Mul- 
holland, and has gained an enviable reputation throughout the country. 
It is made on the torsion principle, combined with the leaf half eliptic 
springs, and with its accompanying gearing is said to make the easiest rid- 
ing and most perfect vehicle for general purposes ever invented. This 
device does away with side-bars, side-springs, etc., allowing the vehicle to 
turn short and placing the weight directly over the axles. 

Richard Mulholland has been in the carriage trade for 18 years, and 
after this important invention his brother P. J. and George P. Isham, well 
known business men of the place, joined him in forming the above company 
m 1881. The original premises on Railway avenue were burned out in 
June, 1886, and the firm erected their handsome three story brick struc- 
ture on Buffalo street shortly afterwards. This structure is 60x100 feet, 
and the brick blacksmith shop in the rear is 40 x 60, the whole replete with 
the latest labor-saving machinery so that 30 to 50 hands are able to turn out 
more than 100 men would do with old style fittings. The establishment 
has the patent automatic sprinkler system, giving thorough fire protection. 

George S. Mack, the foreman of the shops, is a native of Madison 
county; six years here and has had 28 years experience in carriage work. 

The bodies are made of select materials and are shipped ^^ in the white.'' 
The gears are made of choice hickory, ironed and put together in the best 
manner, the springs being of fine crucible steel. Several styles of bodies 
for phaetons, buggies, etc., are turned out. The meritorious work sent out 
by the Mulholland Spring Company has given it a wide reputation, and its 
success is additional evidence that wood and iron working establishments, 
when properly conducted, have in Dunkirk the elements for remunerative 
manufacturing. 

The works are run by a Rice automatic twenty-five horse power engine, 
and the boiler was made by the Dunkirk Iron Works, thus demonstrating 
the independence of this place in fitting machinery for her manufacturing 
establishments. The Mulholland factory is on Buffalo street, convenient 
to both the trunk line freight depots and with good facilities for shipping 
by way of any of our five lines of railway. 

DUNKIRK BASKET MACHINE CO. 

THOMAS FLESHER, AGENT. 

At No. 64 East Front street, in an unostentatious building, can be 
found a well fitted shop especially designed for the production of basket- 
making machinery. Thomas Flesher, agent, is an Englishman, and learned 
the machinists trade in his native land. He came to Dunkirk in 1852, and 
for several years worked in the repair shops of the Erie railroad. In 1861 
Mr. Flesher started a repair machine shop at his present stand, and for a 
dozen years past has confined its operations principally to the manufacture 
of basket cutting devices. The lands along this lake shore are especially 
productive of grapes, and many thousands of baskets of luscious fruit are 
packed and shipped during the harvesting season. To fill this demand 
basket factories have been started in many places, and it is the special 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 35 

province of this establishment to furnish the machines required by those 
engaged in this industry 

Right here we may remark that thousands of baskets are used in the 
immediate vicinity of Dunkirk, and there is every reason why an institution 
for that class of manufacture should succeed if properly conducted in this 
growing city. Who will start the enterprise? 



WHOLESALE SUPPLIES, PLUMBERS' AND STEAM HEATING 

WORK. 

E. C. PERRY & CO., 

GAS WORKS — WHOLESALE PLUMBERS', GAS AND STEAM FITTERS' SUPPLIES. 

The business now owned by E. C. Perry & Co. was established over 20 
years ago by McDougall & Avery and purchased by the present firm in 
1881. The Gas Works have long been an important adjunct of our city, 
and under the present management a good light is furnished at compara- 
tively low rates. One of the most important features in the trade of the 
firm at present is the wholesale business in wrought iron pipe ; cast, wrought 
and malleable fittings ; brass goods for water, steam or gas ; range boilers, 
water-closets, copper bath tubs, marble slabs, plumbers' earthenware, 
pumps, sinks, lead pipe, rubber hose, gas fixtures, sewer pipe, fire-brick, 
and, in short, a full line of gas, plumbers' and steam fitters' tools and 
supplies. 

Mr. Perry is a native of Toledo, Ohio, but residing in Dunkirk for 
several years past, and is known as a thoroughly practical and wide-awake 
business man, and the ojDerations of the firm are constantly widening, now 
extending out for a couple of hundred miles and bringing trade to Dunkirk 
from several adjacent states. The firm is sales agent for the U. S. Fire 
Clay Co., and keeps on hand a large assortment of sewer pipe, fire-brick and 
clay, chimne}^ pipe and tops. This firm issues a handsome catalogue con- 
taining a complete list of its wares, which can be secured on application. 

HARELL STEAM HEATING CO., 

STEAM HEATING APPARATUS, VENTILATING, PLUMBING, ETC. 

An institution of no small importance to Dunkirk is the Harell Steam 
Heating Co., adjoining the Opera House block. The specialty is a steel plate 
tubular boiler, patented by R. Harell in 1883. These boilers are made in a 
great variety of styles and sizes and are adapted for warming all classes of 
buildings. This enterprise, which was started in Dunkirk but three years 
ago, has met with rapidly increasing popularity, and now sends its goods 
for hundreds of miles around. The citizens of Dunkirk have shown a fair 
appreciation of the industry, as more than 60 buildings are now fitted with 
this mode of heating. The system is adapted to the capacity of an ordi- 
nary residence or to the largest manufacturing establishment, a number of 
our leading factories being fitted with this system of heating. Richard 
Harell, the patentee of this heater and general manager of the company, is 
a native of Preston, England, residing in New Jersey for many years prior 
to his removal to Dunkirk. In addition to the Harell heating business the 
company furnish all kinds of sanitary fittings and do general plumbing. 



36 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

ALEX. MANN, 

PLUMBIKG AND SUPPLIES, NO. 27 EAST THIRD STREET. 

Alex. Mann is a native of Buffalo, and learned the plumber's trade in 
that city. He came to Dunkirk in 1881, and for five years worked with E. 
C. Perry & Co. in charge of gas fitting and plumbing work. In 1886 Mr. 
Mann opened out his present business of general plumbing, gas fitting and 
steam fitting, having recently moved from No. 31 East Third to more com- 
modious rooms at No. z7 East Third street. By his good workmanship 
and steady industry Mr. Mann has built up for himself a good trade. He 
keeps on hand a full line of plumbers' supplies and gives prompt attention 
to all business in that line. 



WOOD MANUFACTURING AND LUMBER INTERESTS. 

BARBER, SCULLY & CO. 

WHOLESALE LUMBER, SASH, DOORS, BLINDS, ETC. 

The firm conducting the largest wood-working interest, and one which 
contributes in a marked degree to the prosperity and development of this 
city, is the above. This extensive lumber manufactaring firm was estab- 
lished 21 years ago by David Wright, who sold out to Barber, Scully & Co. 
in 1886. The present proprietors have had a wide experience in lumber 
manufacturing, and since the above plant came into their possession have 
thoroughly overhauled it and added many hundreds of dollars worth of 
approved modern machinery. The plant covers a considerable portion of 
the four blocks cornering at Eagle and Front streets, the docks extending 
out several hundred feet into the bay. The new firm have made a number 
of important additions to the buildings, erecting two Curran & Wolf 
patent dry houses, 17 x 80 feet in dimensions, and a convenient boiler and 
fuel house. Covering five or six acres of area adjacent to the water's edge, 
with convenient docks and ample buildings and machinery, this firm has 
excellent advantages for doing both a wholesale and retail business, and 
handle about twelve million feet of lumber annually in their various de- 
partments of trade. The machinery is all that could be desired, and for 
labor-saving devices is seldom excelled. The power is furnished by two 
large boilers, which were manufactured by the Dunkirk Iron Works, and 
the entire machinery is run by a magnificent Buckeye engine of 250 horse 
power, one of the finest in the country. Something of the magnitude of 
this institution may be obtained when it is known that the average daily 
shipments comprise about 300 doors, 300 windows, 200 pairs of outside 
blinds, and 75 sets of inside blinds. The lumber and manufactured work 
from this firm is shipped to nearly all of the eastern, middle and southern 
states, their facilities enabling them to successfully compete as far south as 
Georgia. The firm does an extensive local trade in Dunkirk and surround- 
ing towns, directly supply houses in Philadelphia, Washington and other 
eastern cities, and employ in their various departments about 160 hands. 
The benefits of such an industry to Dunkirk's prosperity cannot well be 
over estimated, and Barber, Scully & Co. are deserving of a lasting gratitude 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 37 

from the citizens of this place for their extensive disbursements of funds 
and the important part which this enterprise plays in the prosperity of our 
city. 

M. J. O'DONNELL & CO. 

SASH, BLINDS, DOORS, DRESSED LUMBER, ETC. 

Among the leading industrial enterprises of Dunkirk is the planing 
mill of M. J. O'Donnell & Co., which was founded in 1867 by T. O'Donnell 
c^^ Sons. In 1880 the present site, which had formerly been occupied by 
T. R. Colman as a machine shop, was purchased and the firm style changed 
to O'Donnell Brothers. The death of J. F. O'Donnell caused other changes, 
E. Isham, T. H. Morian and Dr. S. M. Smith becoming partners, the latter 
still remaining with M. J. O'Donnell in the business. The trade of the 
firm has steadily increased, extending for a radius of a hundred miles or 
more. The buildings were destroyed b}^ fire in 1883, and have since been 
replaced by more commodious structures and furnished with every needed 
mechanical device. The firm annually requires about 1,500,000 feet of 
lumber and gives steady employment to a large number of hands in its 
various lines of manufacture. Mr. O'Donnell, the managing partner, is a 
native of Ireland, reared in Buffalo, and for more than 20 years has been 
a resident of Dunkirk. He has, by the exercise of a commendable display 
of energy and correct business methods, succeeded in building up this 
enterprise to rank among the leading industries of the place and add its 
share towards making Dunkirk a manufacturing center, as it is a recognized 
fact that many medium sized industries gives more permanence to a city 
than a single institution employing a greater number of hands than all the 
others combined. Dr. S. M. Smith, the silent partner, is noticed in our 
professional pages and is recognized as a public spirited citizen. 

J. MADIGAN & CO., 

LUMBER, LATH, SHINGLES, WOOD, ETC., 408 BUFFALO STREET. 

John Madigan is the oldest lumber dealer in this city, he having com- 
menced the trade over 30 years ago, and for many years conducted a plan- 
ing mill. In 1868 Michael Madigan, a brother of the above, was added to 
the firm, since which time the st34e has been J. Madigan & Co. At present 
the operations of the firm is confined principally to handling the products 
from the mills of Western New York and Northwestern Pennsylvania, in 
which the transactions amount to about two million feet annually. A large 
share of this is used in furnishing the contractors of Dunkirk and its 
vicinity. They also handle lath, shingles, etc., having a well established 
trade. John Madigan has been a member of the Water Board ever since 
its creation in 1871, and has been prominent in city affairs. Michael Madi- 
gan is a present member of the School Board, and both members of the 
firm so well known in Dunkirk as to need no further comment from us. 

DUNKIRK BARREL FACTORY. 

GENERAL COOPERAGE — T. J. WERNER, PROPRIETOR. 

The Dunkirk Barrel Factory is located in a convenient structure at the 
corner of Second and Elk streets, and its products are a great convenience 



38 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

to the dairymen, brewers, fish houses and fruit shippers of this section- 
Mr. Werner was reared in the trade, having been for 16 years past in the 
business. He has steam power and all the necessary machines and attach- 
ments for turning out a fish kit, wash tub or a thousand barrel tank. A 
number of hands find steady employment here, and the enterprise has a 
well established reputation and patronage, not only in Dunkirk but for 
many miles around. 

DUNKIRK HANDLE FACTORY. 

SHORT HANDLE WORK — MILLS & SEARS, PROPRIETORS. 

The above enterprise is yet in its infancy, having been added to our 
city since the compilation of this sketch began. The proprietors are both 
from Ashtabula county, Ohio, and skilled in wood-working. Small manu- 
facturing industries each add their mite to the prosperity of the city, and 
this comes in a desirable line — that of turning hickory, oak and ash into 
short handles for all kinds of tools. The new firm have already made quite 
a start in the business and are prepared to fill orders or to purchase de- 
sirable timber. Factory at the corner of Ruggles and Talcott streets. 



SHIRT MANUFACTURING AND LAUNDRY WORK. 

THE DUNKIRK SHIRT COMPANY. 

AN" I:N"DUSTRY GIVIiq-G PROFITABLE IMPLOYMEI^T TO W^OMEN. 

An instituttion of great importance to our city, from the fact that it 
gives profitable employment to the sewing women of the place, is that of 
the Dunkirk Shirt Company. The industry was started five years since by 
A. Williams and W. H. Cromwell with 24 machines. In 1885 Mr. Williams 
bought out his partner, and has from time to time increased the capacity 
until 92 machines are now in use and more than 100 ladies find employment 
here at remunerative figures, while considerable work is sent to the homes, 
and a large additional force required in the steam laundry in consequence 
of the laundried work sent out by this company. The second and third 
floors are used at Nos. 203, 205 and 207 Center street, and, from present 
increase in business, additional space will doubtless soon be required. The 
specialty is the "Cromwell" dress shirt, which, from its many points of 
excellency, has gained a foothold in the face of eastern manufactories, and 
has a wide sale over the New England, Middle and Western States. The 
" Dunkirk '^ shirt, also made by Mr. Williams, and a line of boys' and 
youths' shirts are meeting with popular favor and fast establishing a 
reputation. The "Cromwell" is made of Wamsuta muslin and the "Dun- 
kirk '^ from Dwight Anchor muslin, from 250 to 300 dozens per week of 
these goods being turned out. To some of our readers it may be of interest 
to know that 10,000 yards are required for a week's supply, the cutter's 
knife following his pattern through 48 thicknesses at one time, and every 
facility for rapid and perfect work being secured. With the cutters, book- 
keeper, etc., Mr. Williams employs several men, but to his female help 
alone about $400 is weekly dispensed for wages, thus bringing material as- 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 39 

sistance to very many families in this city. It is the aim of the proprietor 
to use standard goods, pay remunerative prices and secure competent help. 
The aggregation of intelligent and winsome faces to be seen in his operating 
rooms show a marked contrast from the pinched and wearied looks of the 
average New England factory girl. Notwithstanding the fact that the em- 
ployes of the Dunkirk Shirt Company receive remunerative wages, and that 
general competition is sharp, the proprietor has made an undoubted success 
of what appeared at the start to be a rather doubtful enterprise, and by his 
business tact has demonstrated the feasibility of a general manufacturing 
development in Dunkirk, thereby materially aiding in the upbuilding of the 
place. 

Mr. Williams is a native of Genesee county, N. Y. ; served an appren- 
ticeship in the dry goods trade at Fredonia; enlisted in Company K, 9th 
New York Cavalry, in 1861; served three years in the war, and is a past 
commander of W. 0. Stevens Post, G. A. R., of this city. He was engaged 
in the dry goods trade prior to engaging in his present worthy enterprise. 

HOME STEAM LAUNDRY. 

A WORTHY AND 'SUCCESSFUL ENTERPRISE. 

Laundry work can scarcely, with propriety, be called manufacturing, 
and yet, from the machinery used, the employment given to labor, and its 
requirement in the finish of laundried shirts for the manufacturer, it is 
perfectly proper to classify it in this department of industry. 

A. W. Cummings is a native of this county, and for nine years a resi- 
dent of Dunkirk. F. B. Rice is an old resident of the city, and both are 
skilled engineers and practical men. On looking over the field they believed 
Dunkirk to present a favorable opening for a steam laundry, and in Sep- 
tember, 1886, thoroughly fitted their establishment for practical work, and 
opened up a laundry at No. 207 Center street that would be a credit to any 
metropolitan city. The old fogies, who are ever ready to predict failure for 
any new enterprise, passed by and knowingly shook their heads. But the 
proprietors had counted well the cost, had the contract from Mr. Williams 
to put the finishing touches on his laundried work, of which 100 dozens or 
more are turned out each week, and have met with a well merited success, 
the business of the new industry now extending for a radius of a hundred 
miles and more than meeting the most sanguine expectations of its pro- 
prietors. The rooms are 22 x 80 feet, with ironing and packing house in 
the rear, 18 x 30 feet, and the basement used for the engine, boiler, etc. 
The engine is a 30 horse automatic, the invention of F. B. Rice, one of the 
proprietors, and its many points of excellency are too well known to need 
further elucidation. It drives not only the machinery of the laundry but 
the 92 machines of the Dunkirk Shirt Factory, found on the second and 
third floors, running 275 feet of linear shafting with apparent ease. A 25 
horse boiler furnishes the power for this and steam for the heating and 
dryins: apartments of tlie laundry. The entire fittings of the laundry cost 
over $4,000, and comprise, in addition to the above, three reversible steam 
washers of the latest improved patterns; a suction wringer, that takes the 
excess of water from the linen without injuring the fabric in the least; a 
shirt ironer with capacity of 5,000 a week; a collar and cuff ironer with 



40 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

capacity for 3,000 pieces daily; a doubling machine, which dampens and 
folds the lay-down collars without danger of breaking the goods, and a 
polisher and curler for finishing them to the requirements of the wearer. 
This business gives employment to 30 persons in Dunkirk, including its 
delivery wagon and Lion street branch office, notwithstanding the aid of so 
much improved machinery. Every precaution is taken to avoid injury to 
any article with unnecessary alkalies or rough handling, and we feel safe in 
saying that clothing will last longer when subjected to the treatment of this 
steam laundry than by the ordinary washwoman. The apparel comes from 
the establishment as clean as can be, and the finish, while being much more 
satisfactory than that of hand work, also makes the linen keep presentable 
much longer. The firm have agencies in the numerous surrounding cities of 
New York, reaching out also to Pennsylvania and Ohio, as our railroad 
facilities are such as to give entire satisfaction to distant points, and Messrs. 
Cummings & Rice have fully demonstrated in their successful operation of 
the Home Steam Laundry that Dunkirk is a good center for unlimited busi- 
ness of a general nature. The expenses of this concern are over $150 per 
week, all of which goes to build up Dunkirk, and yet we are glad to announce 
that the income fully warrants it, and although doing work as low as any 
establishment of its kind, the proprietors are able to pay their bills and 
are fully satisfied with the results of their enterprise. 



MERCHANT TAILORING AND GENTS' FURNISHING GOODS. 

F. D. MATTESON & CO., 

Merchant Tailoring and Gents' Furnishings, SOI Central Avenue. 

The history of Dunkirk's manufacturing interests would be far short 
of complete if we failed to give due notice to the houses engaged in making 
custom clothes for the supply of those who prefer that class of goods. The 
ready-made clothing trade has been materially improved upon in the last 
decade, but the human anatomy is so varied and changeable that no com- 
mon law will provide for all forms, and those who desire good fitting suits 
must, as a general rule, call for the services of the tailor who can produce 
to order from actual measurement such kinds and grades of wear as he 
needs. The merchant tailor in manufacturing for special customers, in 
order to hold his trade, must use reliable goods in all respects and employ 
only the services of competent workmen, while it is too often the case that 
ready-made goods are produced by poorly paid employes, who slight the 
work in ever}^ possible manner, and thus the garment which appears cheap 
is found to be dear in the end. 

The business of F. D. Matteson & Co. was established in 1876, and for 
10 years conducted on Lion street, removing to the present handsome 
corner, at 301 Central avenue, upon the completion of the Monroe block a 
couple of years since. The salesroom is 24 x 80 and has excellent light at 
both ends. It is filled with an ample layout of domestic and imported 
suitings and a most complete line of every description of gents' furnishing 
goods. Neckwear is especially profuse, and the celebrated Dunlap hats are 
to be found in all desirable shades and sizes. The manufacturing depart- 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 41 

ment is conducted in the third story over Monroe's drug store, on the 
opposite side of the street. James Doherty, an expert cutter, who finished 
his trade in New York, and over twenty tailors find employment with this 
firm, producing an annual output of about S25,000 in custom work, besides 
tlie sales in the furnishing department. F. D. Matteson & Co. have per- 
manent customers in man}^ of the surrounding cities and villages of New 
York and Pennsylvania who have found the place to get good goods and 
perfect fits and who will not be easily persuaded to change. By the ex- 
ercise of commercial integrity and general straightforward dealing this firm 
have attained a wide popularitj^ and established a business which is not 
only a credit to its proprietors, but an important factor in the manufactur- 
ing and commercial prosperity of the place. 

TAILORING, CLOTHING, Etc. 
Morris Van de Velde, JfO East Third Street. 

Dunkirk has numerous instances where the industrious habits of the 
-sturdy German have met with success in mercantile and manufacturing 
pursuits. Morris Van de Velde -is a native of Holland, and in youth 
learned the tailor's trade in the " fatherland." In 1865 he came to Dun- 
kirk, and for 18 years past has been in the tailoring business. In addition 
to the requirements of merchant tailoring he keeps an assortment of gents' 
furnishing goods at No. 45 East Third street, and for seven years past has 
handled the New Home sewing machines, with needles and attachments of 
all kinds, machine oil, etc. The New Home is one of the standard makes 
of modern sewing machines, and Mr. V. has placed a large number of them 
in the homes of Dunkirk and its vicinity. It is recommended to be simple, 
strong, swift and sure, and gives excellent satisfaction to its patrons. 

Recently Mr. Van de Velde has added a full line of ready-made cloth- 
ing for men, youths and boys. 

PETER SCHOLTES, 

Merchant Tailor, No. 11 East Third Street. 

Peter Scholtes learned the tailor's art in his native land — Germany — 
and, like many others who have sought the hospitable shores of America, 
he came to Dunkirk in 1880. His capital was energy and industry, and 
four years since he had accumulated a suflftcient amount to open up mer- 
chant tailoring rooms at No. 17 East Third street, shortly afterwards accept- 
ing Julius Schubring as a partner. Mr. Schubring retired from the firm a 
couple of months since, and Mr. Scholtes continues the business at the old 
stand, where he keeps a well assorted stock of cloths and makes up clothes 
to the order of customers in a prompt and acceptable manner. 

JOSEPH EFFENBERGER, 

Tailoring Rooms ( Up Stairs), corner Second and Center Streets. 

Born in Vienna, Austria, Mr. Effenberger after learning his trade 
worked for some time in the imperial tailoring establishment, and 22 years 
ago came to America. In 1878 he engaged with Frank Stevens ct Brothers, 



43 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

remaining in their employ until a couple of years since, when he opened 
his present rooms, where he is engaged most of the time in piece work for 
Matteson & Co. Mr. E. has been a popular member of the Germania sing- 
ing society for years, and is identified with a number of Dunkirk's secret 
societies. 



There are several other tailors who have separate shops, but as most ot 
them work for F. D. Matteson & Co. we will not occupy further space in 
this department, as we have said sufficient to show that Dunkirk not only 
does its own tailoring, but sends out large quantities of work to other sec- 
tions of country. 

WHOLESALE FLOUR, PEED AND GRAIN. 
JOHN W. O'BRIEN, 

FLOUR, FEED, GRAIN, SALT — NO. 6 EAST FRONT STREET. 

A native of Ireland, Mr. O'Brien jcame to Dunkirk in 1855. The 
wholesale flour and feed trade was commenced at this stand by William 
O'Neil over 40 years ago. Mr. O'Brien has been an assistant here for over 
30 years, and 10 years since the business was purchased by him. In ad- 
dition to a large local and shipping trade in flour, feed and grain, Mr. O'B. 
also handles salt, clover, timothy and other grass seeds. His favorite brands 
of flour are manufactured by the widely known Bellevue (Ohio) Mills, 
although he also handles the product of mills in Michigan and other places. 

DUNKIRK FLOUR AND FEED MILLS. 

COLEMAN & SAUNDERS, PROPRIETORS. 

One of the oldest manufacturing enterprises in Dunkirk is the mills at 
the foot of Elk street, bought by E. S. Colman, H. Colman and George P. 
Saunders in 1855, and now owned by F. H. Colman, son of E. S., and Mr. 
Saunders, one of the original partners. For many years the mill did a 
large flouring business, but of late years confines its operations entirely to 
meal and feed, getting their manufacture of flour from the western mills. 
The firm wholesale flour, feed, grain and meal, handling several hundreds 
of car loads annually, and adding largely to the commercial transactions 
of this city. The sales building, at No. 46 and 48 East Front street, is 
60 X 60, two stories, and mill in the rear is 40 x 60, four stories in height, 
both of brick. 

R. L. CARY'S MILL. 

FLOUR, MEAL AND FEED, 42 EAST FRONT STREET. 

R. L. Cary is a native of Erie county, and located in Dunkirk 32 years 
ago. having, with a short intermission, been connected with the hardware 
trade of this place ever since. He was postmaster for five years — April, 
1861, to '66 — and in 1867, with the late T. H. Whittlesey, opened up the 
flour and feed trade, which he still continues, having recently purchased 
the remaining interest from the Whittlesey estate. Mr. Cary lias a feed 



OF DUNKIRK. NEW YORK. 43 

mill and does a general wholesale trade in flour, feed, grain and meal. The 
structure is 30 x 150 feet, and the business done by Mr. Gary compares 
favorably with his competitors. He has good facilities for furnishing power 
for a basket factory or similar enterprise. 

FRANK MAY. 

FLOUR AND FEED, MAY's BLOCK, LION STREET. 

A fair percentage of Dunkirk's successful business men are natives of 
Ireland, and Frank May is among the number. In early manhood he was 
connected with the Erie road at this place, and in 1869 began transactions 
in flour and feed. His rapidly increasing trade required better quarters, 
and in 1871 Mr. May erected the convenient three story brick structure on 
Lion street, in which his wholesale business in flour and feed has since 
continued, and the enterprise has established a large retail and jobbing 
trade in this and adjacent counties. With energy and business acumen as 
his starting capital, and honorable dealings for his motto, Mr. May has won 
a handsome competency, owning a large amount of real estate in the city. 
He was for many years on the school board, and is a present director and 
stockholder in the Merchants' Bank and street car line. 

D. F. TOOMEY, 

FLOUR, FEED, GRAIN AND SALT, NO. 434-36 LION STREET. 

The superior shipping facilities of Dunkirk have long enabled this 
place to hold a large trade in the flour and feed line, and we have five well 
established wholesale firms in that trade, among which D. F. Toomey ranks 
as, doing his full share. Mr. T. is a native of this city and commenced the 
above business in 1877, having, by energy and close attention to the varied 
wants of patrons, established a wide trade. He handles the full line of 
flour, feed and grain ; has the agency for Higgins' celebrated Eureka salt, 
Frank Coe's bone fertilizers, etc., having ware and salesrooms at the corner 
of Lion and Fifth streets. Mr. Toomey is interested with his brother, 
Michael P., in the Dunkirk Stock Improvement Farm, which will have a 
notice elsewhere. 



COAL, LUMBER, WOOD, STONE AND SUNDRIES. 

S. M. HAMILTON, 

Dealer in Coal, Wood, etc., corner Third and Eagle Streets. 

In nearly every manufacturing industry both coal and lumber are 
used, while the various building commodities become an essential feature 
in continued development, hence we have ' thought proper to classify this 
department of trade along with manufacturing, as it is closely allied to 
such industries. The business of S. M. Hamilton is not only the oldest in 
that line in this city, but can well be called a truly representative one. 
Mr. Hamilton was born in Auburn, N. Y., came to Dunkirk in 1854, and 
for 15 years was cashier and agent of the Bufl'alo & Erie Railroad before 
its consolidation as part of the Lake Shore system. During that service he 



44 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

commenced the traffic in coal, etc., and since 1869 has been exclusively en- 
gaged in this trade. Mr. Hamilton is proprietor of the Dunkirk Plaster 
and Foundry Facings Mills, on Buffalo street adjoining the Lake Shore 
freight depot, and furnishes to order fire-brick products of every descrip- 
tion, furnace fronts, marble dust, terra alba, and ot^er miscellaneous 
articles, while for the builder he keeps lumber, lath, shingles, lime, cement, 
Canada white plaster, lake sand, flue linings and chimney tops. He handles 
also red cedar and chestnut fence posts, all sizes and kinds of drain and 
sewer pipe, land and calcined plaster, fertilizers, salt, etc. Of course the 
leading feature of Mr. Hamilton's trade is anthracite, bituminious, Bloss- 
burg and Cannell coal, while coke and pig iron also command attention. 
Mr. Hamilton's commercial enterprise has brought satisfactory returns and 
he is reaping the just reward of a well planned and carefully conducted 
business enterprise. 

M. K. Mcdonough, 

Coal^ Wood, Stone, etc., Nos. 30 and 32 Railroad Avenue. 

Among the prominent and well established business houses of Dun- 
kirk is the coal, wood and stone trade of M. K. McDonough, which gives 
employment to eight horses, several men and quite a large capital. Mr. 
McD. is a native of the Emerald Isle, has been a resident of Dunkirk for 
33 years, and in 1873 commenced the coal trade. By judicious manage- 
ment and a wise consideration of the wants of his customers he has built 
up an extensive trade, not only in hard and soft coal and wood, but like- 
wise in fence posts, stone, sand, plaster, phosphate and sewer pipe. He 
owns a convenient sand beach and slate stone quarry adjacent to the 
city, and by prompt deliveries, making all proper care to accommodate the 
wants of customers, he has built up an enviable business. Mr. McDonough 
makes a specialty of doing team and contract work, excavating for cellars, 
filling for culverts, bridges, etc., in which line he has a popular trade. 

J. T. HOOLE & CO., 

Coal and Wood, corner Central Avenue and Fourth Street. 

J. T. Hoole is a native of Portland, Maine, and residing in Buffalo for 
nearly 30 years prior to his removal to Dunkirk in 1882. He established 
a hard and soft coal and general wood business at the corner of Fourth 
street and Central avenue, which is favorablj'- located and is doing a fair 
share of the trade. Mr. H. is assisted in the office by his grandson, H. H. 
Dickinson, a native of this city. 

This firm is interested with that of A. J. Hoole & Co., who own and 
operate mines in the anthracite coal region at Carbondale, Pa., and are now 
transferring about 50 to 100 cars of coal per month from the Erie road, for 
shipment by Lake Shore cars, to points between here and Chicago. With 
good dock lacilities, or a trestle for dumping purposes, the business would 
be greatly facilitated, and it is to be hoped that the interest may grow until 
one, or both, of these improvements will be added to the development of 
Dunkirk. 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 45 

P. J. MULHOLLAND & CO., 

Coal, Lime, Cement, Salt, Salt Fish, etc., 21 and 23 East Second Street. 

In 1879 P. J. Mulholland and George P. Isham formed a partnership 
under the above firm style for conductmg a trade in lime, cement, fish, 
salt, etc., and their sales have annually increased until they now have a 
wide patronage in the commodities of which they make a specialty. They 
handle large quantities of whitefish, trout and lake herring from the Dun- 
kirk fisheries, Akron cement, and best grades of lime and salt. Two years 
since this firm opened up an independent coal trade, taking a position out- 
side of all combinations. Their efforts in this venture have been duly 
appreciated by customers, and they are handling a fair share of the coal 
consumed in Dunkirk. Both of the above gentlemen are largely interested 
in manufacturing, and the firm of P. J. Mulholland & Co. has beconie 
thoroughly established as one of the solid mercantile interests of the city. 

C. J. ALEXANDER, 

Coal, Wood, Stone, etc., Central Avenue, opposite Nickel Plate Depot. 

A coal business was established on Central avenue, at the crossing of 
the Nickel Plate railroad, some years ago by E. W. vSeamans. This enter- 
prise was purchased in March, 1888, by C. J. Alexander, a native of Laona, 
this county, and a young man of good business tact. The various grades 
of hard and soft coal are furnished to customers in any desirable quantities, 
while hard and soft wood Itimber, shingles, lath, stone and similar com- 
modities are comprised in the trade. The business is located on the Nickel 
Plate and W. N, Y. & P. roads, in the south part of the city, and is receiv- 
ing a satisfactory encouragement. 

H. H. ROBERTS, 

Coal Yards, near Union Depot. 

The department of trade in the coal interests is now well filled, the 
above yards, which were opened a few months since, making the seventh 
firm in that line of business here, so that all sections of the city have a 
convenient coal yard. H. H. Roberts, preprietor of the above, is a native 
of this vicinity, and is night ticket agent at the Union Depot, he having 
been for 10 years past an employe of the Erie Railway Co., which corpora- 
tion have built convenient side tracks, to accommodate his business, ad- 
jacent to the Erie Hotel. 

DUNKIRK MARBLE AND GRANITE WORKS, 

R. Moldenhauer, Proprietor, corner Third and Buffalo Streets. 

In the line of marble, granite, and free-stone work Dunkirk has a well 
appointed manufactory at the corner of Third and Buffalo streets. Rudolph 
Moldenhauer is of German nativity, came to Dunkirk in 1866, and a year 
later began the stone-cutter's trade. In 1876 he opened his present enter- 
prise in which he has done a successful business. He gives employment 
to about a dozen men on an average, and does a large local trade in all the 



46 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

desirable lines of marble and granite. Mr. M. also handles the Berea (Ohio), 
flag and building stones, of which large quantities have been used in this 
city. . 

BLACKSMITHING, HORSE-SHOEING AND IRON WORK. 

L. P. CONKLIN & SON, 

Horse-Shoers, No. 338 Central Avenue. 

L. P. Conklin was born in Ireland, and came to Troy, N. Y., in 1847. 
Four years later he moved to Dunkirk, and has now been engaged as a 
horse-shoer here for more than 36 years. His son, John L., born and 
reared in Dunkirk, was seven years ago accepted as a partner. By a care- 
ful estimate we have determined that the senior Conklin has made and set 
over 150,000 horseshoes in Dunkirk, besides having the services of his son 
for 10 years past and usually one or more other shoers. But few institu- 
tions here can show a longer record in continuous business. 

CHARLES H. LUTGEN, 

Blacksmith and Horse-Shoer, No. ^2 West Second Street. 

In no department of life is a living more squarely and fairly earned 
by honest toil than at the blacksmiths' anvil. Charles H. Lutgen was born 
in this county, began his trade in Forestville, worked for several years in 
Dunkirk, and then removed to Rochester, N. Y., where for eight years he 
pursued his trade. About a year since he returned to Dunkirk, and during 
the past season has built a handsome two-story brick shop at No. 12 West 
Second street, where he attends to general smith work and horse-shoeing, 
using the upstairs as a place of residence. Whoever adds to the architec- 
tural beauty of the city by erecting substantial and' artistic structures for 
business or residence places are entitled to the thanks of our citizens, and 
the enterprise of Mr. Lutgen is commendable. 

W. J. TARR, 

Horse-Shoer, Smith Shop at No. 215 Lion Street. 

W. J. Tarr was born in Chautauqua county, learned the blacksmith 
and horse-shoing trade in Fredonia, about 20 years ago, and three years 
since located in Dunkirk. Mr. Tarr has for many years made a careful 
study of the anatomy and peculiarities of the horses' hoof, and to that 
branch of the business a large share of his attention is devoted. He carries 
the patent for the G. C. Edmunds Hoof Expander and Hoof Props, a very 
useful invention in the treatment of contracted hoofs, and warranted to do 
the business. 

Henry and Peter Erbes are both old residents of the city, and have 
for man> years each conducted wagon repair and blacksmith shops. 
Formerly they turned out considerable new work but larger manufactories 
have made this unprofitable. F. J. Murphy does a similar work. 

R. Wilson also does smithing and carriage work in the old Mulholland 
building on Central avenue. 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 47 

CIGAR MANUFACTURING, ETC. 

GEORGE P. ISHAM, 

WHOLESALE TOBACCONIST AND CIGAR MANUFACTURER. 

The business done by George P. Isham, at Nos. 21 and 23 East Second 
street, is worthy of more than a passing notice. The house was for many 
years engaged in the wholesale grocery trade, but in 1882 was changed to 
the exclusive handling of tobacco at wholesale and the manufacture of 
cigars, in which direction, under the skillful management of its proprietor, 
the business has rapidly increased, now necessitating the services of about 
20 hands. The"' G. P. I." and "American Gentleman " have become widely 
known as favorite brands of cigars throughout this state and Pennsylvania. 
An examination of internal revenue statistics discloses the fact that Mr.Isham 
does a larger business than any other establishment in this district of New 
York The premises occupied is a three-story brick, 40 x 90, at the corner 
of Second and Buffalo streets, and the output of cigars is about one and a 
quarter million annually. Mr. Isham is a native of the state, and has long 
resided in Dunkirk. He is prominently identified with the manufacturing, 
mercantile and social features of this city, and his indomitable energy and 
correct business methods have secured for him a high commercial standing. 

JAMES ROGAN, 

Cigar Factory No. GOJ/.^ at 305 Lion Street. 

Among the successful cigar manufacturers of Dunkirk, James Rogan 
takes a front rank. He is a native of the city, began the manufacture of 
cigars in 1879, and five years ago moved into the handsome Merchants' 
National Bank building, where he has convenient rooms for operating a 
half dozen employes and a neat salesroom for the retail of plug tobaccos, 
cigars and smokers' articles in general. Mr. Rogan manufactures several 
five cent brands, but his leading specialty is a clear Havana filler known 
as " Rogan 's Pug," which in the past four years has secured many friends 
among smokers and a wide market. Mr. R. holds a popular retail trade, a 
good jobbing business in Dunkirk and vicinity, and quite a large general 
sale among established customers throughout this section of country. 

A. G. KOCH, 

Factory No. 73^ at No. 18 East Second Street. 

A large proportion of the sturdy Germans who have located in this 
country have secured a comfortable competency by their industrious and 
economical habits. Mr. Koch located in Dunkirk in 1852, and for several 
years conducted a grocery trade. In 1868 he started the first ice 
business here, and 12 years ago commenced the manufacture of cigars. 
As a merchant and manufacturer Mr. Koch has met with a fair share 
of success, but like many others he was induced to try the oil business, 
and in the operations with the slippery fluid came out second best. 
The specialties of this factory is "The Drummer," a choice five cent brand, 
on which most of his force is engaged. 



48 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

L. F. FOLLS, 

Factory No. 667, at No. 61 East Third Street. 

The manufacture of cigars is well represented in Dunkirk, and, although 
there are larger institutions in many cities, the five' houses here in their 
combined capacity not only supply the local trade, save to Dunkirk the 
money that would otherwise go abroad for these goods, but ship a consider- 
able quantity of goods to other places. L. F. Foils is a native of this place 
and has been making cigars for 17 years past. Three years ago he opened 
up at his present stand, and makes both 10 and 5 cent goods, the popular 
leader in fives being the " C. M. B. A." brand. He also keeps a full line of 
tobaccos and smokers' goods. 

A. D. PHILIPFBAR, 

Cigar Factory No. 866, at No. 91 East Third Street. 

The latest one to engage in the cigar output of Dunkirk is a native born 
Dunkirk boy who learned the trade a dozen years since and for five years 
worked in the Isham factory. In May, 1887, Mr. Phillippbar opened in an 
upstairs room on Leopard street, and a year later had increased until he 
felt warranted in occupying his present convenient rooms on the ground 
floor at No. 91 East Third street, where he has a good front room for the 
retail cigar trade and the handling of smokers' goods in general, together 
with plug tobaccos, of which he keeps a full line. The rear room is occuj^ied 
with cigar manufacturing, where he turns out several leading five cent 
brands. 



BEER AND OTHER BEVERAGES 

CITY BREWERY. 

A. DOTTERWEICH, PROPRIETOR — SIXTH AND DOVE STREETS. 

The City Brewery was established as a lager manufactory by George 
Dotterweich some 35 years ago, and, owing to the superior quality of beer 
made by this institution, its popularity has increased so rapidly as to re- 
quire frequent additions to the capacity of the plant. The main building 
is 27 X 160 feet, a substantial three-story brick, with cellar and sub-cellar, 
while the L is 35 x 120 feet. Attached to this, and running parallel with 
the main structure, is the second ice house and barns, also of brick. The 
space between these buildings and the original structure is occupied with 
drive way, fountain and lawn, altogether making a handsome business site. 
Just across Sixth street from the brewery Mr. D. has, at a cost of about 
$1,000, constructed an artificial lake covering about an acre, and adjacent 
to which is two more ice houses, 40 x 70 feet each. 

This institution annually requires some 20,000 bushels of barley, which 
is principally raised in Chautauqua county, and 9,000 pounds of York 
State hops. For the stock lager about 9,000 pounds of Bohemian hops are 
imported. The cleaned barley is soaked for a time, spread out on cement 
floors, daily turned, and, when sprouted, is dried by hot air. After going 
through machinery for removing the sprouts and other foreign substances. 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 49 

it is put through the mill and steeped for several hours in a large hot water 
mash tub, from whence the infusion is drawn into a 105 barrel copper ket- 
tle, where it is mixed with hops and boiled for three or four hours. From 
this kettle it goes through a strainer, and in order to prompth^ cool it, is 
pumped over a range of copper pipes which are filled with ice water, next 
going into the large vats in the fermenting cellars, and is, after a sufficient 
lapse of time, run into the long rows of 50 barrel tubs in the cold storage 
cellars, which are kept nearly to the freezing temperature the year round. 
From these tanks it is daily drawn for shipment and for city use. The 
product of the City Brewery is made with such care and cleanliness as to 
have secured a wide patronage, and the present annual output is about 
7,000 barrels, which is largely used in the trade of Dunkirk and the sur- 
rounding villages. About a dozen men find steady employment here, and 
the enterprise is one of the standard establishments of the city. A 60 horse 
boiler and 30 horse engine, with two smaller pumping engines, are required 
as the motor power of the institution. 

Andrew Dotterweich owns a very handsome brick residence on the 
corner just opposite to his brewery. He is a native of Bavaria, Germany, 
and has been in the brewing business since he was 12 5^ears of age. He 
has visited many of the large breweries of his native land and is thoroughly 
conversant with every detail of the business. Mr. D. was for many years 
interested with his brother in the City Brewer}^, and upon the death of 
that gentleman in 1884 he succeeded to the full proprietorship. 

George Dotterweich was widely known as an open-hearted, liberal and 
public-spirited citizen, and the present proprietor is characterized by the 
same traits. 

BEECHER & MULLETT, 

MANUFACTURERS OF BOTTLED SODA FLAVORS. 

Carbonated water, bottled under pressure, and flavored with the various 
fruit syrups, has of late years become a very popular and refreshing bever- 
age. An institution for the manufacture of this drink, popularly known 
under its different flavorings, as bottled soda, sarsaparilla, birch beer, ginger 
ale, grape soda, etc., was started by A. L. Beecher and W. S. Lacey in 1884, 
R. H. Mullett having two years since purchased Mr. Lacey 's interest. The 
establishment is fitted with the best of bottling machiner}^, and by using 
pure extracts for flavoring, has not only secured an extensive local trade, 
but a good jobbing trade with the surrounding cities and villages for a 
considerable distance. The firm produce in manufactured bottled goods 
an average annual output of $5,000 or more, and the trade is gradually 
widening. Mr. Beecher is from Alleghany county, and has had a large ex- 
perience in the business, while Mr. Mullett has been for a number of years 
in the fish trade of Dunkirk. 



CONTRACTORS AND BUILDERS. 

ARTHUR PETERS. 

The architect and builder has much to do with the neat appearance 
and practical utility of public and private buildings. Dunkirk has been 



50 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

well cared for in this respect, and presents many fine buildings for a city of 
its size. Arthur Peters has done a full share towards its modern improve- 
ment, and has many edifices here which are evidences of his handiwork. 
Mr. Peters is a native of England, and settled at Sinclairville over 20 years 
ago. He has steadily j^ursued the carpenters' w^ork, and eight years since 
moved his headquarters to this city, where he continues to be one of the 
leading contractors of the place. Mr. P. has recently finished on upper 
Central avenue handsome residences for F. B. Jackson, A. H. Whitney and 
John H. Lascelles, making over 30 buildings w^hich he has erected here 
worth from $1,000 to $10,000 each, and more than that number of cottages 
ranging below the former figure in contract price. He keeps about a dozen 
men employed, and by close figures and prompt work has built up an en- 
viable reputation as a contractor and builder. 

GUSTAVE WALTER 

Was born in Germany and emigrated to America in 1856. He learned the 
carpenter's trade 18 years ago and worked for several j^ears with Mr. Rider. 
Mr. Walter eight years ago engaged in contract work and has erected more 
than a half hundred of cottages in Dunkirk. He was unfortunately laid 
up for some time the past season with an injury, but is on deck again all 
right and will next season w^ork from six to ten hands. 

FRANZ BUSCHER 

Was born in Germany, came to America some 30 j^ears ago and for 18 years 
past has been engaged in contract work here, having erected a fair, share of 
the public and private residences of this place, and still continues to be 
prominent as a contractor. With the present season Mr. Buscher was 
chosen as overseer of the poor for Dunkirk City and Tow^n, w^hich position 
he has filled with discretion and mature judgment. 

F. J, BUSCHER 

Was born in Germany but has been a resident of Dunkirk from early child- 
hood, and w^as reared in the carpenter's business with his father, Franz 
Buscher, the well knowai contractor of this' city. For three years past F. 
J. has been doing contract work for himself and is meeting with good en- 
couragement. 

W. S. CROSS. 

W. S. Cross was born in 1836 where he now^ resides, adjoining the 
Nickel Plate depot, and has been in the carpenter business from boyhood. 
For several years he has been a contractor, has built a fair share of the 
houses in the city and some in other cities and surrounding villages, 
usually running a force of 8 to 12 men. Mr. Cross had charge of all wood- 
work on the Martin Anti-Fire Car Heater buildings, illustrated on page 31. 

PETER MEISTER, BRICK CONTRACTOR. 

Peter Meister is a native of Germany, and for 20 years past^has been 
engaged in brick-laying and mason work, having in the last half a dozen 
years risen to a prominence as a leading contractor in that department of 
architecture. The Dotterweich brewery and barns, Monroe block, Mulhol- 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 51 

land Spring Works, Martin Anti-Fire Heater buildings, and many other 
public and private structures of the place are standing monuments of Mr. 
Meister's genius in brick work. He employs from 10 to 15 men and 
averages to use about a million of brick per year. Mr. Meister informs us 
that the building prospects for the coming season is brighter than ever be- 
fore, and there are several important structures in contemplation for the 
ensuing year which bear indications of continued prosperity for Dunkirk. 

JOHN HILLIARD, BRICK CONTRACTOR. 

John Hilliard was born on Staten Island, New York, came to Dunkirk 
in childhood, and for 28 years past has been engaged in stone and brick 
work. The Bookstaver mansion, Brooks', Avery's, Hinman's and other 
private residences here are sufficient evidences of his skill in mason work. 
The office and other additions of the Brooks Locomotive Works were built 
by Mr. Hilliard a few years since, and he has done a full share towards the 
permanent improvements in the architectural beauty of Dunkirk. Recently 
Mr. Hilliard has finished St. Mary's Retreat, a fine addition to the church 
structure, adjacent to the monastery. 

There are more contractors here but we must close this department to 
give room for other important features. 



PHOTOGRAPHIC ART, ETC. 

GIFFORD'S ART GALLERY, 

Nos. 223 and 225 Center Street. 

The invention of photography is an important discovery for the pres- 
ervation of exact features and forms in nature, of quite recent establish- 
ment, it having closely followed the Daguerreotype and ferrotype process 
of picture taking, which was discovered by Daguerre about 1838. 

The above business was commenced by 0. Monroe in 1852, who steadily 
kept pace with the times and added necessary improvements. B. R. Gif- 
ford is a native of this county, and most of his life has been in art work. 
He purchased the business of Mr. Monroe in 1881, and has not lagged be- 
hind in the mighty march of development, but has added every needed 
convenience for the wants of a first-class photographic gallery, and employs 
several artists in printing, retouching, etc. The parlors are profusely 
adorned with the work of the establishment, and pictures are finished in 
every desirable style required by patrons. All kinds, from the card to the 
full size, are produced and, frames made to suit the order of customers. 
This establishment in all its details is a representative house, and will not 
suffer by comparison with any art gallery in Western New York, as it has 
every necessary convenience in parlors, dressing rooms, operating and 
finishing departments stocked with every needed apparatus, and the in- 
stitution is in every way a credit to its proprtetor. 



53 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

GEORGE A. H. EGGERS, 

Photographic Rooms, Corner Swan and Fifth Streets. 

G. A. H. Eggers was born in Bremen, Germany, came to Dunkirk in 
1853, and for eight years past has been engaged in 'photography. He has 
recently finished convenient operating rooms on Fifth street, opposite to the 
Academy grounds, and is prepared to do photographic or crayon work in 
all desirable styles. 



DUNKIRK FISHERIES, ETC. 

The fishing interests of Dunkirk present a field for almost unlimited 
development, as the broad lake is before us, and with the proper harbor im- 
provements small boats, as well as large ones, could not only make a safe 
and convenient landing, but would have ample anchorage and proper pro- 
tection from the winter's storms within our beautiful bay. At present there 
appears to be an unexplainable discrimination on the part of a majority of 
the county supervisors who accord to fishermen in some parts of the county, 
pound net privileges, and prohibit the same among the Dunkirk fishermen. 
A uniform plan should be adopted which will give an equal advantage to 
all parties, and every reasonable encouragement giyen to the men who take 
the hazards and hardships of a fisherman's business and bring products 
from the bosom of Lake Erie which are sent to distant cities and the return 
money spent in this place. 

SMITH BROTHERS. 

S. G. & J. B. Smith were born in Cleveland, Ohio, and for 25 years 
past have followed the fish trade, having been at Conneaut, Ohio, for eight 
years prior to their coming here in 1884. The fish interest here at that 
time was small, but has increased from year to year, and there are good 
prospects of continued development. The Smith Brothers own the fish 
tug boat "Dandy,'" employ a sufficient crew to man her, and, with purchases 
from sail boats, handle about $5,000 worth of fresh fish annually, having 
customers in the principal cities for 500 miles around. 

E. SWEET & CO. 

Elizur Sweet is a native of this county, and for 20 years was engaged 
in the fishing business at Conneaut, Ohio. In 1886 he came to Dunkirk 
and has met with a sufficient success to inaugurate continued development, 
having recently had built at Buffalo a new tug 56 feet in length, with 14 
foot beam. This is supplied with an 80 horse engine, built by the Dunkirk 
Iron Works, the proper boilers and everything needed for successful work. 
Mr. Sweet has handled about 15,000 worth of fresh fish during the present 
season, but with the " Ruby," under charge of Capt. John Jones, and the 
new " H. G. Brooks," run by Capt. Fred. Driggs, both of whom are interested 
with Mr. Sweet, it is expected that the output for 1889 will be more than 
doubled and a dozen or more men kept steadily employed. May the 
Dunkirk fishing interests continue to increase and become an important 
factor in our commercial interest. Mr. Sweet not only does a large trade 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 53 

in fresh fish, but during the past season has commenced the salting of 
whitefishj herring and ciscoes, and contemplates adding freezing machinery 
for next year. 

HOTELS, LIVERIES, HARNESS, ETC. 

ERIE HOTEL, 

AT UNION DEPOT, J. J. MURPHY, PROPRIETOR. 

The magnitude of the Erie Hotel can only be appreciated by taking a 
walk through its parlors, dining room and grand hall, which extends 375 
feet. Partially hidden by our large covered depot, the casual passer would 
scarcely realize that here are convenient apartments for over 100 guests, 
ample dining rooms, spacious parlors, good reading rooms, convenient 
office, bar and wash-rooms, fine display rooms for commercial travelers, 
and the usual conveniences of a first-class hotel. This house was opened 
in 1851 on the completion of the Erie Railway to Dunkirk, and has always 
held a leading position. The entrance is from the depot, giving convenient 
access to all trains, and a free bus is run to the Nickel Plate and W. N. Y. 
& P. depot. 

John J. Murphy is a native of this state, and was clerk in the house 
for a dozen years prior to becoming the proprietor of the Erie six years ago. 
Many important alterations and improvements have been made under his 
management, and the cuisine is first-class in all respects. Charles H. Selke, 
an old resident of Dunkirk, officiates as chief clerk. Some 30 persons find 
regular employment in the various work of this hotel, and Dunkirk mer- 
chants receive a fair share of its income. 

Mr. Murphy is also inventor of the Emerald Ink, a superior copying 
fluid, which cannot fail to be appreciated wherever tried. This is free from 
acid, will not corrode pens, and is not impaired by freezing. It will not 
fade, mould, or deposit sediment, and, altogether, is very desirable for writ- 
ing or copying. Put up in all sizes for the trade. 

EASTERN HOTEL, 

Lion Street, near the Depot, T. M. Brick, Proprietor. 

T. M. Brick came to Dunkirk in 1850, when this was a small place. Four 
years later he commenced the hotel business, having now been a landlord 
for nearly 35 years. Mr. Brick has always held a popular trade, and from 
time to time has made extensive additions to his accommodations. The 
Eastern Hotel has recently been remodeled throughout, and has a capacity 
for about 100 guests. The parlors, dining rooms, reading rooms, sample 
rooms and sleeping apartments are of ample size, nicely furnished and well 
arranged throughout. Mr. Brick keeps a temperance house and has 
numerous customers who prefer the quiet surroundings insured thereby. 
The Eastern is three stories in height, fronts 60 feet on Third and extends 
120 feet on Lion street, making it the second largest hotel in Dunkirk, and 
its proprietor is now the oldest landlord in the city. This house was 
practically closed for several months during the rebuilding, but is again in 



54 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

first-class order and ready to furnish good accommodations at reasonable 
rates to either old or new customers. 

HURLBERT HOUSE, 

Hurlhert & Co., Proprietors, Central Aifenue. 

The latest important accession to the interest of the traveling public in 
Dunkirk is the above house, which was established about five years ago by 
Hurlbert & Co., experienced caterers to the traveling public, and at once 
took a prominent place as a resort for commercial tourists and commerciial 
salesmen. Every addition to the hospitable entertainment of strangers who 
come into our midst is commendable. The location of this house is one 
of the most eligible in the city, picturesquely situated on Central avenue, 
niidway between the two railway depots, and with the Fredonia street car 
line passing by the door. " The Hurlbert " has accommodation for 50 or 
more guests, and is fully recognized as being kept in first-class order 
throughout all its departments. The house is away from the annoyance 
and bustle of passing trains, runs a free 'bus to each depot, and Mr. Hurl- 
bert has that genial welcome towards guests which makes them feel at 
home, and the farewell " call again " manner which, with the remembrance 
of good accommodations, continues their good will and insures their future 
patronage. 

NIAGARA HOUSE, 

No. 333 Central Avenue, Mrs. D. Durham, Proprietress. 

There are several boarding houses in Dunkirk but, perhaps, no one is 
kept in a more unexceptionable manner than the Niagara House by Mrs. 
Durham. The Niagara is located on Central avenue, between Third and 
Fourth streets, and, while hardly aspiring to the title of a hotel, it usually 
has a few rooms at $1.00 per day, charging regular boarders $5.00 per week, 
and furnishing a 21-meal ticket for $4.00. Mrs. Durham purchased the 
Niagara House in April, 1887, having formerly kept boarders for many 
years at Niagara Falls, Canada, and her table is at all times supplied with 
an ample selection of substantial food served up in admirable style. The 
house is 24 x 76 feet, two stories, with ample dining room, office, parlor, and 
pleasant, home-like accommodations throughout. 

ZAHN'S HOTEL, 

Central Avenue, opposite Nickel Plate Depot. 

Near the Nickel Plate depot will be found the above handsome two- 
story frame building, which was erected in 1882 by Julius Polinski for the 
accommodation of travelers and boarders in that vicinity, and has met 
with a fliir share of patronage. S. J. Zahn, the present proprietor, is a 
native of Fredonia, and run the Half-way House at the race track prior to 
taking charge of this enterprise the present season. The estabhshment 
gives accommodation to about 30 guests, and, as transient rates are but 
$1.50 per day, it receives a full patronage. A bar is run in connection with 
the house. 



OF DU:^K1RK, NEW YORK. 55 

PETERS HOTEL, 

Opposite the Union Depot. 

The Peters Hotel, located at the triangle on the corner of Lion street 
and Railroad avenue, was erected and established in 1862 by F. A. Peters, 
sr., deceased, and for some years past has been in charge of his son, F. A. 
Peters, jr. The house has become well known and has many friends among 
the traveling public, as it is convenient to the depot and the business sec- 
tion of the city, and furnishes good accommodations throughout. It has 
in connection a first-class bar, choice liquors and cigars. 

UNION HOTEL AND RESTAURANT, 

No. 23 East Third Street^ John Promenshenkel, Proprietor. 

J. Promenshenkel is a native of Luxemburg, Germany , and resident of 
Dunkirk from childhood. For more than a dozen years past has kept a 
restaurant, and has accommodations as a hotel for a limited number of 
guests, for which he provides home- like accommodations. Mr. P. is a genial 
landlord, has a good stable attached to his premises, and keeps his bar sup- 
plied wtth everything necessary in the line of beverages. The house, al- 
though not among the largest of the city, supplies good accommodations 
at $1.00 per day, with special rates to regular boarders. 

CHAUTAUQUA HOUSE, AND LIVERY, 

Victor Rider, Prcp'r, No. 335 Lion Street. 

Substantial brick structures always add greatly to the improvement ol 
a city and enhance the value of surrounding property. The three-story 
Chautauqua House, at No. 335 Lion street, was erected in 1870 by its 
present proprietor, and has a dozen rooms for the accommodation of guests. 
It is supplied with reading room, bar room and the usual conveniences of 
a hotel, while the charges are moderate — $1.00 per day for transients and 
$5.00 per week to regular boarders. Nine years ago Mr. Rider added livery 
conveniences, and keeps a varied assortment of horses and turnouts at his 
barns in rear of the hotel. He is a native of Germany, residing in Dun- 
kirk since 1870, and his hospitality as a landlord is well known. 

E. C. McINTYRE, 

Livery, Sale and Feed Stable, No. 315 Central Avenue. 

Edward C. Mclntyre was born in Wayne county, N. Y., and since 1870 
has chiefly been engaged in the livery trade. For five years past he has 
conducted a livery in North East, Pa., and in September last purchased the 
Dickinson business, at No. 315 Central avenue, where he keeps about a 
dozen horses with a full outfit of desirable turnouts. A regular sale and 
feed business is conducted here with the livery. Mr. Mclntyre's thorough 
knowledge of the horse fitting him for success in all departments of the 
trade, and his convenient location on Central avenue entitling him to a fair 
share of patronage. 



56 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH OF DUNKIRK. 

ROBERT McKAY, 

Boarding, Sale and Livery, No. 212 Lion Street. 

As railroads do not reach every village, farm or place of resorts, the 
livery is an important adjunct in every city, and the above is a truly repre- 
sentative one. Established more than 30 years since', it has been under the 
management of Robert McKay, the present proprietor, for 18 years past. 
The premises are on Lion street, convenient to the depot, and all descrip- 
tions of turnouts furnished to suit the order of customers. The sale and 
feed business also commands its proper share of attention. 

J. W. PERKINS, 

Harness and Horse Goods, No. 209 Center Street. 

Jarvis W. Perkins was born in St. Lawrence county, and learned the 
harness-making trade 35 years ago. He conducted a shop in Aurora, N. Y., 
for six years, and removed to Dunkirk in 1860, where he has steadily con- 
tinued his trade. Two years ago he erected the three-story brick, 23 x 80, 
No. 209 Center street. The third story is used as Pythian Hall, second as a 
residence, and the ground floor for sales and operating room. All kinds of 
light and heavy harness aie made to the order of customers, a full supply 
of horse goods carried, as well as carriages, road carts, trunks, valises, etc. 
Mr. Perkins' business here, extending over a quarter of a century, has 
made him widely known, and his block has added to the business aspect 
of Center street. 

C. G. MANNING, 

Harness and Horse Goods, Ah. 216 Lion Street. 

The horse has long been a most important animal in civilized countries, 
and to articles for his use the above house is devoted. Mr. Manning is a 
native of Montgomery county, N. Y., learned the harness-maker's trade 14 
years ago, and in 1882 removed with his father to Dunkirk to engage in 
the harness business. Upon the death of Edward J. Manning, in March 
last, the son succeeded to the entire business. He manufactures all weights 
of harness to suit the order of customers, keeps a complete line of horse 
goods in general, trunks and valises, and every article usually found in a 
well filled harness establishment. 

DUNKIRK BELTING WORKS, 

bp:lts, leather and findings — j. hutchinson, proprietor. 

The proprietor of the Belting Works has been in business here for over 
20 years, and has added several buildings to the improvements of the city. 
For many years he has been in the leather and shoe finding trade, and 
three years ago, commenced the manufacture of belting as well. Any de- 
sirable width is made to the order of customers. 



«^*Preserve this Pamphlet for future use. 



[Copyrighted 1888, by D. P. Robbins, M.D., of Erie, Pa. All rights reserved.] 



AN EPITOIVIE Or^ 

VAITJABLE STATISTICS 

AND 

GENERAL INFORMATION. 



INTRODUCTORY. 
In order to make this pamphlet of value to every 
person who receives it, we incorporate in this de- 
partment many facts and dates which have required 
great labor and expense to prepare. These dates are 
so valuable that no one can afford to destroy them 
and hence the book Mall be preserved with absolute 
certainty whether the remaining pages are of in- 
terest to the reader or not. This book will be con- 
venient for reference and containing so many 
interesting facts and dates will be preserved in 
the library for months and years, thus making it 
worth from a business standpoint, a circulation of 
twenty times as great a number of newspapers. 
THE WORLD IN A NUT SHELL. 

CHRONOLOGICAL DATES. 

The history of the world up to the time of the del- 
uge and for many years afterwards is only to be 
found in the brief narrative given in the sacred 
writings, although the Chinese claim to have records 
dating back to a period long before "Adam was 
born," 

THE HEBREWS. 

Deluge B. C. 2350; Abraham called 1921; Joseph 
in Egypt, 1725; Birth of Moses, 1571; Hebrews left 
Egypt, 1491; death of Moses, 1-151; Deborah Judge of 
Israel, 1385; Gideon slaughtered Midianites lc45; 
Jeptha, Judge, 1288; Eli, Judge, 1256; Sampson, 1237; 
Samuel, 1220; Saul King, 1195; David King, 1155; 
Solomon King, 1115; Temple dedicated 1104; Solo- 
mon died 1075; division of Israel 1058; Elijah and 
Elisha prophets, 888; Jerusalem taken by Jehoash 
826; Hezekiah and Isaiah in Judah 726; Jeremiah 
prophet 641; Jerusalem taken by Nebuchadnezzar, 
606; Jerusalem destroyed, 588. 

EGYPT. 

Little or nothing is known of the history of Egypt 
prior to the time of Joseph. At that time however, 
it was one of the most powerful nations of the world. 
The dvnastv of the Pharohs, B. C, 1300; Pyramids 
built "by Cheops, 1082; Shishak ruler, 978, Judea 
conquered and the temple plundered by him 971; 
Egypt devastated by Nebuchadnezzar, 572; end of 
the first Egyptian monarchy 525 and for over 200 
years it was in obscurity, but revived again by the 
Ptolemys about three centuries before Christ. Cleo- 
patra lived B. C. 45 nnd Egvpt was again subdued B. 
C. 30. 

TVIACEDON 

was subdued by Darius, B. C. 508; Philip II crowned 



.359; Alexander in Macedon 336; invaded Persia 3.34: 
battle of Arabela331; Alexander died at Babylon of 
strong drink, aged 32, B. C. 324. 

GREECE. 

By valor and refinement, Greece became the next 
nation in importance. Troy was taken B.C. 1184. 
lonians settled in Asia 1043; Homer the poet, wrote 
about 888; first Olymphian period from which the 
Greeks reckon time, 776; Code of Draco 624; Solon, 
Athenian law-giver 594; Socrates 429; war with 
Macedon 338; Republic reestablished 297; Corinth 
taken 146. 

ROME, 

founded by Romulus B. C. 753; Tarquin the elder, 616; 
Tarquin the proud, 534; Brutus 510; Cincinnatus dic- 
tator 456; great famine 440; invaded by the Gauls 391 ; 
first Punic war 265; second Punic war 218; third war 
149; Carthage destroyed 146; Cicero 63; Cwsar in- 
vades Britian 55; dictator 45; Caesar assassinated 
44; Augustus emperor, 30. Christlan Era.— The 
bloody Nero A. D., 54; Jerusalem destroyed by 
Titus 70 rebuilt 137; Persian war 231; persecution of 
Christians 236; Constantine emperor 323; Council at 
Nice, when the books of the New Testament were 
voted in, 325; Romans driven from Spain 409; with- 
drew from Britian 419; battle of Chalons 4cl; Odo- 
acer king of Heruli; puts an end to the Roman 
empire. 

MEDES & PERSIANS. 

Darius, king B. C. 521; second Temple dedicated 
515; Darius invades Greece 491; Artaxerxes I 464; 
Esther queen 456; Nehemiah rebuilds Jerusalem 455; 
conquered and claimed b; the Macedons 435. 

EASTERN EMPIRE, ETC. 

A. D. 447, Attilla king of Huns exacts tribute 
from Theodosius II; ravaged by Persians 502; Justi- 
nian code 529; Mohamed preaching 612; Persians take 
Syria 614; the Hegira 622; Saracens besiege Constan- 
tinople 673-9; their second siege of Constantinople 
718; Michael II, 820; John Zimisces 969; Turks take 
Jerusalem 1005; Crusaders take Autioch 1098, and 
Jerusalem 1099, and Acre 1104; Venice in her glory 
1125; Latin emporers 1204; Empire recovered bv 
Greeks 1261; Turkish Empire. Ossman I, 1299; Sup- 
pression of Knights Templars 1311; general pes- 
tilence 1348; Empire excepting Constantinople taken 
by the Turks 1391: Union of Denmark, Sweeden and 
Norway 1397; invention of printing 1440; Constanti- 
nople captured by Turks and end of Empire 1453;- 
Ferdinand and Isabella in Spain 1474; Columbus 
di.-scovered America 1492. 



Clovis makes Pai'is his capital A. D. 507; Clovis II 
king of France 656; Cadwallader last king of Britons 
678; Charles Martel duke of France 714; battle ol 



68 



VALUABLE STATISTICS 



Tours 732; Danes in England 787; Charlemagne em- 
porer of the west 800; Charles the Bald in France 
840; RoUo the Norman 912; Hugh Capet 987; Henry I 
1031; Philip 1 1060; first crusade 1096; war with Eng- 
land 1098; Louis the Fat 1108; Louis VII 1137; Philip 
II 1180; Louis IX (St. Louis) 1226; Louis X 1314; 
House of Valois 1328; Charles V 1364; Joan of Arc 
enters Orleans 1428; France ridden of English 1451; 
French take Milan 1491; Hugenot war 1560; massa- 
cre of St. Bartholomew 1572; House of Bourbon 1589; 
Cardinal Pdchelieu 1024; invasion of Holland 1672; 
Louis XV 1715; France aids America 1778; revolu- 
tion 1790; republic 1792; Napoleon consul 1799; Em- 
porer 1804; campaign in Russia 1812; fall of Na- 
poleon 1815; conquest of Algiers 1830; Louis Napol- 
eon president, 1848; Napoleon III emperor 1852; 
French in Mexico 1863; war with Prussia 1870; Re- 
public; 1871 Thiers president, Jules Grevy president 
1879; occupation of Anam and trouble with China 
1883. 

ITALY AND COTEMPOEARY. 

Lombards take Italy A. D. 596; defeat Constans II 
062; and conquered by Charlemagne 774; the Cru- 
sades 1090 to 1,300; wars of Charles V in Italy 1527: 
capture of Rome 1527; order of Jesuits founded 
1535; calendar remodeled by pope Gregory XII 1582; 
Peter Great in Russia 1689; Frederick II in Prussia 
1740; French in Spain 1808; Moscow burned 1812; 
Greece independent 1827; siege of Sebastopol 1854; 
Victor Emanuel King of Italy 1861; revolution in 
Spain 1868; Russia-Turkish war 1877; Humbert King 
of Italvl879; assassination of Alexander II of Rus- 
sia 188*1; Alexander III crowned 1883. 

GERMANY. 

House of France 814; Henry I defeats the danes 
934; war with the Saracens 1073; Frederick I invades 
Italy 1154; destroys Milan 1162; House of Hapsburg 
1273; revolt of Swiss and Wm. Tell 1307; House of 
Luxemberg 1349; John Huss burned by Sigismond 
1415; House of Austria 1438; Maximilian I 1493; ref- 
ormation by Luther 1517; Maximalian II 1564; bat- 
tle of Prague 1620; Leopold I 1659; House of Lor- 
raine 1745, 

PRUSSIA. 

Takes Hanover 1801; war with France 1813; Ger- 
man Confederation 1815; war with Denmark 1864, 
and Austria 1866, invasion of France 1870, William 
made emperor 1871 and died 1888, succeded by Fred- 
erick, March 13 1888. 

AUSTRIA. 

An empire 1800, war with France 1813, with Hun- 
gary 1848, with France and Italy 1859, withdrawal 
from the confederation 1870, international exhibi- 
tion at Vienna 1873, agreement with Germany on 
Eastern question 1880. 

ENGLAND. 

Anglo Saxon Kings 825, Egbert 828, Alfred the 
great 871, ravages of Scotland 933, Danish Kings 
1016, Saxons restored 1041, English language origin- 
ates from the Saxon, Danish, British, AVelsh, Nor- 
man, Latin, French and Greek A. D. 1000 to 1500, 
Norman Dynasty 1066, conquest of Ireland 1171, con- 
quest of Wales 1282, battle of Bannockburn 1314, 
House of Lancaster 1399, war with France 1413, 
House of York 1461, House of Tudor 1485, battle of 
Flodden 1513, Ann Boleyn beheaded 1536 and Marv 
of Scotts 1587, House of Stuart 1603, Oliver Croniweil 
1649, Stuarts restored 1660, great London lire 1666, 
battle of the Boyne 1690 House of Hanover 1714, 
war with Spain i739, with France 1756, war with 
colonies 1775, Union with Ireland 1801, war with U. 
S. 1812, battle of Waterloo 1815, Victoria crowned 
queen 1837, Crimean war 1854, Atlantic cable laid 
1866, Fenian trouble 1867, Zulu war 1879, famine in 
Ireland 1880, war with Egypt 1882, Gladstone's bill 
or relief of Ireland 1887. 



AMEBICA, OUB EOUS. 

Discovered by Norsemen A D 980, Iceland settled 
986, Lief visited Newfoundland and Massachusetts 
1001, discovered by Columbus 1492, Florida entered 
by Ponce de Leon 1512, Balboa discoveres the Pacific 
1513, Cortez in Mexico 1519, Pizarro in Peru 1532, 
DeSoto in Florida and Louisiana 1541, St. Augustine 
founded 1565 Jamestown, Va., 1607, Quebec 1608, 
New York 1614, Plymouth Rock 1620, Sweedes in 
Delaware 1627, Maryland settled 1634. Connecticut 
1635, New Jersey and North Corolina 1664, South 
Carolina 1670, Pennsylvania 1682, Georgia by Ogle- 
thorpe 1733, New Hampshire 1741, Quebec taken 
1759, Canada ceeded to England by the French '61, 
Revolutionary war '75 Declaration of Indepen- 
dence Jitly 4th 1776; surrender of Cornwallis '81, 
treaty of peace '83, constitution adopted '87, Wash- 
ington made president, '89, Louisiana ceeded to U.S. 
1803, war with England 1812, Florida ceeded '20, 
Bttenos Ayres independent '16, Mexico '21, Texas 
'36, anuexed '45, war with Mexico '46, civil war '61, 
Maximilian emperor '64, U. S. buys Alaska '67, war 
in Cuba '71, Chili-Peru war '81, Mexico building 
railroad '82. 

ADDITION OF STATES. 

Vermont admitted 1791, Kentucky 1792, Tennessee ' 
1796, Ohio 1802, Louisiana admitted '12, Indiana ad- 
mitted '16, Mississippi '17 Illinois '18, Alabama '19, 
Maine '20, Missouri '21, Arkansas '36, Michigan '37, 
Texas annexed '45, Florida admitted '45, Iowa '46, 
New Mexico and California purchased '48, Wiscon- 
sin admitted '48, California '50, Minnesota '58, Ore- 
gon '59, Kansas '61, West Virginia '63, Nevada '64, 
Nebraska '67, Southern States re-admitted '68, Colo- 
rado '76. With the exception of the years 1821 to 
'36 the United States has never before in her history 
of a century been so long without admitting a new 
State. Dakota, Wyoming and Utah are knocking 
for admission and with some legal technicalities re- 
moved will probably soon be within the fold. 

INTERNAL AND FOREIGN. 

Wayne's victory at Mattmee 1794, Jay's treaty '95, 
with France '97, Government removed from Phila- 
delphia to Washington, D. C, '99, trial of Aaron 
Burr for Conspiracy 1807, Perry's victory Sept. 10, 
'13, Washington burned '14, battle of New Orleans 
'15, Missouri compromise '20, Lafayette's visit '24, 
John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, 2d and third 
presidents died July 4 '26, protective tarift' bill 
passed '28, treaty with Turkey '30, Blackhawk war 
'32, Seminole war '35, financial crisis '37, veto of 
bank bill '41, gold in California '48, Taylor died July 
9th, '50, Kansas trouble '55, treaty with Japan '.J4, 
Mormon insurrection, Dred-Scot decision '57, John 
Brown's insurrection '59, South Carolina seceded 
Dec. 20 '60, Miss., Ala., Fla., Ga., La., Tex. Va., Ark., 
Tenn. and North Carolina follow and Jefferson Da- 
vis elected president of the Southern Confederacy 
'61, bombardment of Fort Sumter and battle of Bull 
Run '61, Antietum, Ft. Donaldson, Pea Ridge, Shi- 
loh, 2d Bull Run, Corinth, Fredericksburg, '62, 
Emancipation Proclamation Jan. 1, '63, battles of 
Chancellorville, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, '63, Wilder- 
ness, Petersburg and Sherman's March to the Sea, 
'64, battle of Five Forks, surrender of Lee, Johnson 
and Kirby Smith and end of war '65, impeachment 
and acquittal of President Johnson '68, Fifteenth 
Amendment 70, great fire in Chicago '71, Modoc war 
'73, Custer massacre and Centennial Exposition '76, 
great railroad riots '77, i;esumption of specie pay- 
ment '79, treaty with China '81, general strike of 
telegraph operators '83, World's Exposition New 
Orleans '84-5, great flood of the Ohio Feb. '84, 
earthquake at Charleston, '86, great railroad disaster 
at Chatsworth, Illinois, over 100 persons killed '87. 
Ex-Senator Conklin and Clflef Justice Waitedied'SS. 



GE^'ERAL INFORMATION 



59 



CANADA, OUE NOETHEEN NEIGHBOE. 

The goverument of Cauada is subject to the Brit- 
tjsh crown but is semi-independent, its history dat- 
ing back to the sixteenth century. Jacques Cartier; 
a French sea captain planted his standard on the 
shores of New Brunswick in 1534 and claimed it 
for France. Later he discovered the river St. Law- 
rence. General Wolfe's forces captured Quebec in 
1759 and the entire country was claimed for the 
British. During the Eevohitionary struggle for in- 
dependence the Canadian settlements remained true 
to the king and after and during the war many tor- 
ies fled from the colonies to Upper Canada, now 
called Ontario, while the eastern province is known 
as Quebec, or Lower Canada. 

Canada proper covers 375,000 square miles and has 
a population of about 3,750,000 inhabitants while the 
remainder of the Brittish Possessions in North 
America covers an area ten times as great and has 
only about one-third as many inhabitants. In 1825 
Ontario had a population of 158,027; '52, 952,004 and 
in '86 about two millions. The Canadian Pacific 
railroad now more than half completed, will open to 
settlement an immense ti-act of country and be the 
fourth iron highway across the continent. The 
Cen tral Pacific completed in 1868 having made the 
first through connection from the Atlantic to the 
Pacific ocean. Canada proper is the most fertile and 
salubrious in the British American territory; even 
the frigid regions of the Northwest Territory and 
Manitoba are gaining in population. Winnepeg the 
capital city of the latter country is rapidly rising to 
prominence. The summer seasons although short 
are warm and the growth of vegetation marvelous. 

IIEZICO, QUE SOUTEEEN BOEDEE. 

The history of Mexico up to the time of its con- 
quest by Cortez is almost unknown. When DeCor- 
dova discovered the country in 1517 he found the 
Aztecs Nation in possession of the land. These 
people were far in advance of the aboriginals who 
occupied the territory now belonging to the U S. 
They had a monarchial government, cities and agri- 
cultural lands, were versed in astronomy and the 
working of metals, pottery, etc., yet had nothing 
but tradition as to their ancestry or origin. Some 
writers consider them of the highest type of Indian 
civilization while others believe them to have de- 
scendad from a different source. Their habits and 
manners make it reasonable to infer that they were 
contemporaries with, and perhaps the same race 
as the Moundbuilders of the Ohio Valley, whose 
tumuli still remain as mouumentsto their skill and 
devotion. Montezuma was monarch of the Aztecs 
when the country was taken by Fernando Cortez 
1519-21 and thenceforth for nearly 300 years Mexico 
was under Spanish rule. The revolution of 1810 by 
the natives was a most bloody scene and resulted in 
the destruction of thousands of lives. Don Augus- 
tin Iturbide a native Mexican Spaniard ten years 
later led a successful revolt and the Independence of 
Mexico was established in 1821. Since then the 
government has had numerous changes but is at 
present essentially like the U. S. in form. 

Mexico covers an area of 741,589 square miles and 
has a population of about ten millions of inhabit- 
ants. Its table lands are salubrious and fertile and 
with two through railroad lines from Texas, this 
easy going republic will doubtless fall into the rajiid 
march of enterprise and refinement. 

CUBA, CUE ISLAND NEiaHBOE, 

The greatest of Spain's colonial possesions was 
discovered by Columbus in 1492, and in 1511 Velas- 
(juez conquered the natives. Havana was founded 
1519. Cuba has been more prosperous since the ad- 
vent of Las Cassas as governor-general in 1790 but 
has had numerous bickerings and revolts. A seri- 
ous revolt occurred in 1868, which caused the sacri- 
fice of 56,000 Cuban soldiers and cost the Spanish 



government more than twenty millions of dollars 
to quell. It is still tributary "to Spain but groans 
under the yoke and longs for annexation to the U. S., 
from which it is separated by less than 100 miles oi 
ocean. 

The limit of these pages will not permit of giving 
detailed facts regarding Central and South America; 
but our relations with the mother country are so 
intimate that we shall appropriate some space to her 
consideration next. 

GEEAT BEITIAN, CUE MOTHEE COUNTEY. 
The history of Great Britian properly commences 
with the conquests of Cfesar B C 55. The Roman 
rule lasted till 420 A D. The Scots, Hunns, Danes 
and other tribes ravaged the country and internal 
dissensions continued until the establishment of the 
Norman line A D 1066. The first parliament was con- 
vened in 1265 and thirty years later a session of 
commons was added, these being a concession wrung 
from the Kings by the Barons. King Charles at- 
tempted to dispense with parliament, but Avas over- 
thrown by Oliver Cromwell in 1645. The Habeas 
Corpus Act was passed in 1679 on the return of the 
Stuarts to the throne. The government is a constitu- 
tional monarchy, the executive power being vested 
in the sovereign and the legislative in parliment. 
The area of Great Britian including Ireland covers 
121,571 square miles and has about 36,000,000 peo- 
ple. The entire British Possession covers an 
area of 7,788,347 square miles and having a popula- 
tion of over 300,000,000 of inhabitants, or about one- 
fourth of humanity. Other European countries de- 
(■erve a separate mention but we must refer the read- 
er to more exhaustive history. 

EIGHTEEN DECISIVE BATTLES 
In the World's History. 

'^Marathon by Miltaoclea B C 490, Athenians— Per- 
sians. 

Syracuse by Glippus BC 414, Syracusans— Spartans. 

Arbela by Alexander B C 331, Greeks — Persians. 

Metaurus by Nero, B C 207, Komans — Carthagin- 
ians. 

Winfeldlippe by Arminius A D 9, Germans — 
Romans. 

Chalons by Aetius, 451, Romans, etc— Hunns. 

Tours by Charles Martel, 732, Franks — Saracens. 

Hastings by William, 1066, Normans — Anglo- 
Saxons. 

Orleans by Joan of Arc, 1429, French— English. 

Armada by Effingham, 1588, English and Dutch- 
Spaniards. 

Blenhein by Marlborough, 1704, English and Aust. 
—French and Bavarians. 

Valmy by Kellerman, 1792, France — Allied Power. 

Pultowa'by Peter Great 1709, Russia— Sweeden. 

Saratoga by Gates, 1777, Americans— English. 

Waterloo by Wellington andBlucher 1815, English 
and Prussian— French. 

Sedan '70, Prussiaus — French. 

Sebastopol '54r-5, Eng, French, Turks— Russia. 

Gettysburg by Meade, '63, Union — Confederacy. 

— -Names of places appear first, prominent gener- 
al next, date, victorious army, defeated forces last. 

Population and Debt of Cities of the United 
States. 

Population Debt For each 
Census 1880. 1880. person. 

Akron Ohio 16,511 $ 17,619 $ 1 06 

Albany New York 90,003 3,138,500 34 52 

Alleghany Pennsvl'na 78,681 1,596,429 20 29 

Allentown do 18,063 430,443 23 83 

Alexandria Virginia... 13,658 1,037,088 75 92 

AltoonaPennnsvlvana 19,716 368,830 18 70 

Atchison Kansas 15,106 449,6 >7 29 76 

Atlanta Georgia 34,398 2,180,000 63 38 

Auburn New York 22,924 530,000 12 ;J2 

Augusta Georgia 23,023 1,961,319 18 58 



Name of Place. 



60 



VALUABLE STATISTICS 



Austin, Texas 10,960 

Baltimore, Maryland.. 332,190 

Bangor, Maine 16,827 

Bay City, Michigan. . . 20,693 

Binghamton, N. Y I7t3i5 

Bloomington, 111 17ji84 

Boston, Massachusetts, 362,535 

Bridgeport, Conn 29,145 

Brooklyn, N. Y 566,689 

Buffalo, N.Y 155,137 

Burlington, Iowa 19,450 

Cambridge, Mass 52,740 

Camden, N. J 41,658 

Charleston, S. C 49,999 

Chattanooga, Tenn .... 12,892 

Davenport, Iowa 21,834 

Evansville, Ind 29,280 

Erie, Pa 27,730 

Elmira, N.Y 20,541 

East Saginaw, Mich. . . 19,016 

Fall River, Mass 49,006 

Grand Rapids, Mich.. 32,015 

Galveston, Texas 22,253 

Hoboken, N. J 3°, 999 

Houston, Texas 18,646 

Indianapolis, Ind 75,o74 

Kansas City, Mo 55,813 

Louisville, Ky 123,645 

Lewiston, Maine 19,083 

Milwaukee, Wis 115,578 

MinneapoHs, Minn 46,887 

Memphis, Tenn 33,593 

Manchester, N. H. ... 32,630 

Mobile. Alabama 31,205 

New York, N.Y 1,206,590 

New Orleans, I^a 216,140 

Norfolk, Virginia .... 21,966 

Newport, Ky 20,433 

Nashville, Tenn 43,461 



Oakland, Cal. 
Omaha, Nebraska. . 

Oswego, N. Y 

Oshkosh, Wis 

Pittsburg, Pa 

Providence, R. I ... 

Patterson, N. J 

Portland, Maine. . 

Peoria, 111 

Petersburg, Va 

Poughkeepsie, N.Y. 



34,556 
30,518 
21,177 
15,749 
156,381 
104,850 
50,887 
33.810 
29,315 
21,656 
20,207 



106,744 

27,092,690 

2,661,000 

433,100 

299,500 

221,463 

28,244,017 

831,000 

38,040,000 

8,211,934 

128,062 

3,403,723 

1,164,900 

4,129,102 

71,566 

290,675 

none 

1,201,229 

270,400 

6iT,o55 
3,169,765 

471,000 
1,023,249 
1,099,250 

1,501,591 

1,914,500 

1,339,224 

4,842,935 

1,038,102 

2,160,289 

1,137,467 

none 

929,000 

2,671,100 

109,425,414 

2,187,371 
966,618 

1,606,200 
669,126 
227,578 

1,264,224 

130,500 

14,134,296 

1,350,500 
4,332,154 
716,500 
1,136,100 
1,939.198 



9 74 

81 55 
158 13 

20 93 

17 29 

12 88 
77 90 
28 51 
67 13 
52 93 

6 58 
64 53 

27 96 

82 58 
5 55 

13 31 

43 31 

13 17 
32 13 
64 68 

14 71 
45 97 

35 46 
80 53 

25 50 

23 99 
39 16 
54 39 

18 69 

24 25 

28 19 
8S 91 
90 69 

99 57 
42 41 

36 95 

19 35 

7 45 
59 86 

8 28 
90 37 

26 71 
128 13 

24 44 
52 46 
95 96 



Presidents, Vice-Presidents and Public Debts. 

Presidents, Vice-Presidents, and a statement of the 
PubHc Debt, including accrued interest thereon, 
less cash in the Treasury, on the ist day of July 
of each year, compiled from the published Report 
of the Seceetary of the Treasury. 
Year. President. Vice-President, Debt. 

1789 — Washington Adams $ 

1793 — Washington. ...Adams 80,352,634 04 

1797 — Adams Jefferson 82,064,47933 

1801 — Jefferson Burr 83,038,05080 

1805 — Jefferson Clinton 82,312,15050 

1809 — Madison .....Clinton 57,023,192 00 

18 13 — Madison Gerry 55,962,827 57 

1817 — Monroe Tompkins 123,491,965 16 

1821 — Monroe Tompkins 89,987,427 66 

1825 — J. Q. Adams. ..Calhoun .. 83,788,432 71 

1829 — Jackson Calhoun 58,421,413 67 

1833 — Jackson Van Buren 7,001,698 83 

1837 — Van Buren Johnson 336,957 83 

1841 — Harrison Tyler 5,250,875 54 

1842 — Tyler....- Wm.P.Mangum 13,594,480 73 

1845— Polk Dallas 15,925,30301 

1849 — Taylor Filmore 63.061,858 69 

1850— Filmore King 63,452,77355 

1853 — Pierce King 59,803,117 70 

1857 — Buchanan Breckenridge. . 28,699,831 85 

1861 — Lincoln Hamlin 90,580,873 72 

1865 — Lincoln Johnson 2,680,647,869 74 



1866 — Johnson Foster 2,773,236,173 69 

1869 — Grant Colfax 2,489,002,480 58 

1873— Grant Wilson 2,147,818,713 57 

1877— Hayes Wheeler 2,060,158,223 26 

1881— Garfield Arthur 1,840,508,811 82 

1882— Arthur Davis 1,688,914,460 90 

1886— Cleveland Hendricks... .1,417,156,86270 

Erief Biegraphj of Presidents. 

Georgo JVas/zz'ngion, horn Va.,i7C2; died '99, Aid- 
de-camp to Braddock, Indian campaign '55, chosen 
to Colonial Congress '74, Commander-in-chief '75 
President '89-97. 

yo/in Adams, born Mass. 1735, died 1826, ist vice- 
president and 2d president U.S., defeated by Jeffer- 
son in 1800, one of the founders ot the Republic. 

Tkovtas Jeffet-son, of Va., 1743, died 1826, in Col- 
onial Congress 1775, drafted Declaration Indepen- 
dence '76, governor of Va. 79, minister at Paris '85, 
Sec. of State '89, vice-president '96, president 1801-9. 

James Madison of Va., born 1751, died i836,one of 
the founders of the Federal party, elected Congress 
'89, Sec. of State 1870, president 1809-17. 

ya7«/?j 71/^wr^^, of Va., 1758, 1831, elected to Con- 
gress 1783, governor of Va. 1799, Envoy to France 
1802, Sec. of State '11, president 'i7-'25. 

John Quincy Adams, of Mass., 1767, 1848, presi- 
dent '25-'29, defeated by Jackson '28, elected to con- 
gress '30. His oratory gained for him the title of 
"Old Man Eloquent.'' 

Andrew JacX'son, o( S. C. 1767, 1S45, was rather 
illiterate, in congress 1796, U. S. senate 1797, dis- 
tinguished at the battle of New Orleans,'5i president 
'29-37- 

Martin Van Buren, of N. Y., 1782, 1862, elected 
state senator N. Y. 1803, state attorney-general '15, 
U. S. senator '21, governor '28, secretary of state '19- 
'29, vice-president '33, president ^-^I'^t^- 

William H. Harrison, of Va., 1773, 1841, aid-de 
camp to Gen. Wayne in Indian war, territorial gov- 
ernor of Indiana x8oi-'i3, defeated Indians at Tip- 
pecanoe '11, elected to congress '16, senator '24, elec- 
ted president '40, and died one month after his in- 
auguration. 

John Tyler, of Va., 1790, 1862, elected to congress 
1816, governor of Va. '25, U. S. Senator '27, vice- 
president under Harrison and succeeded him April 
4th '41. 

James K. Polk, of N. C. 1795, 1849, congressman 
from Tenn. '25, governor '39, president '45 to '49. 
During his term Texas was annexed and the war 
with Mexico prosecuted. 

Zachary Taylor, of Va. 1784, 1850, served in Sem- 
inole and Blackhawk war, major-general in Mexican 
war and won the battles of Reseca and Buena Vista, 
inaugurated president '49 and died July 9th, 1850. 

Millard Fillmore, of N. Y. 1800, 1874, congress 
'32, elected vice-president '48, and succeeded to the 
presidency on the death of Taylor. 

Franklin Pierce, of N. H. 1804, 1869, congress '32, 
senator '37, brigadier-general in Mexican war, elect- 
ed president '52, opposed coercion of the south '63. 

Ja7>ics Buchanan, of Pa. 1791, 1868, congress '21, 
minister to Russia '32, U. S. senator '34, secretary of 
state '45, minister to England '53, president '57. 

Abraham Lincoln, of Ky. 1809, elected to 111. 
legislature '34, congress '46, defeated by Douglas for 
U.S.senator '54, elected president '6o,re-elected '64 
and assassinated April 14, '65 by John Wilkes Booth. 

Andrew Johftson, N. C. 1808, 1875, congress from 
Tenn. '43, governor '53, U. S. senator '57, military 
governor '62, elected vice-president '64, and suc- 
ceeded to the presidency on the assassination of Lin- 
coln. He was subsequently elected U. S. senator. 

Ulysses S. Grant, of Ohio, 1822, 1885, served in 



GENERAIi INFORMATION 



61 



Mexico, colonel of 21st 111. vols, and brigadier-gen- 
eral '62, commander-in-chief '64, president '69-77. 

Rutherford B. Hayes, of Conn. 1822, brigadier- 
general from OMo, congress '65, question as to valid- 
ity of electorial votes decided by special commis- 
sion 8 to 7 and Hayes inaugurated '77. 

James A. Garfield, of Ohio, 1831, proffessor ol 
Latin and Greek at Hiram college and choosen 
president of that institution '58, state senate '59, 
col. '61, brigadier '62, congress '62, U. S. senator '80, 
president '81, shot by Giieau July 2, '81, died Sept. 
19th. 

Chester A. Arthur, of Vt. 1831, 1886, N. Y. lawyer, 
collector of port of N. Y., '71, elected vice-president 
'80 and succeeded to the presidency on the death of 
Garlield. 

Grover Cleveland, of N. J., 1837, teacher in N. Y. 
Blind Asylum, lawver in Buffalo, sheriff' '80, mayor 
'81, elected governor of N. Y. by 192,000 majority 
'81, president '84, re-nominated '88. 

Prominent Personages. 

Joseph Addison, 1672, 1719, English poet and mor- 
alist, author of "The Campaign," under secretary 
of state 1705. 

Thomas B. Aldrich, 1836, Am. poet and novelist, 
Prudence Paltry, etc. 

Ethan Allen, 1742, '89, commander in Eevolution- 
ary war, hero of Ticonderoga and Crown Point. 

Benedict Arnold, 1740, 1801, American general and 
traitor, later colonel in British army. 

John Jacob Astor, of Heidelberg, Germany, 17G3, 
1848, rose rapidly to wealth in N. Y merchandise. 
Founded the Astor Library. 

Francis Bacon, 1561, 1626, English statesman, jur- 
ist and philosopher. Queen's counsel at age of 28, 
solicitor-general 1607. 

Sir Samuel Baker, 1821, English African explorer, 
author geographical and literary works. 

Nathaniel P. Banks, 1816, American general and 
politician, congress '52, governor of Mass. 3 terms. 

Benj. D. Beaconsfield, 1804, 1880, English states- 
man and novelist, chancellor of exchequer, prime 
minister '68. 

P. T. G. Beauregard, 1816, confederate general at 
Ft. Sumter, Bull Kun and Shiloh. 

Thos. H. Benton, 1782 1858, of Hillsboro, N. C 
Elected to U. S. senate from Mo. 1820, and congress 
'52. 

James G. Blaine, of Pa. 1830, congress from Maine 
'62, U. S. senator '77, secretary under Garfield, can- 
didate for presidency '84. 

Daniel Boone, of Pa. 1735, 1820, pioneer Ky., Ind., 
111. and Missouri, Prominent Indian fighter. 

^lohn C. Breckenridge, of Ky. 1821, 1875, vice pres- 
ident under Buchanan, candidate for president '60, 
U. S. Senator '61, resigned and entered confederate 
service as general and later secretary of war for the 
confederacy. 

John Brown^ of Conn. 1800, zealous abolitionist, 
headed negro insurection at Harper's Ferry '59 and 
was hanged by Gov. Wise, of Va. the same year. 

Roht Burnes, 1759, 1796, Scotchman and author of 
many prominent poems. 

Aaron Burr, 1756, 1836, lawyer and statesman, 
vice-president under Jefferson, killed Hamilton in 
duel, was tried for treason but acquitted. 

Benj. F. Butler, of N. H., 1818, lawyer, politician 
and general, military governor of New Orleans, '62, 
congress from Mass. '66, governor '82. 

Lord Byron, 1788, 1824, English poet, espoused the 

cause of Grek liberty and died in Greece. 



Thos. Carlyle, 1795, 1881, Scotch essayist, biograph- 
er, historian and mathematician. 

Marcus T. Cicero, B. C. 1G6. '43, Roman author, 
statesman orator, exiled B.C. 58, but recalled. Kill- 
ed by Antony's soldiers. 

Henry Clay, of Va. 1777, 1852, statesman and ora- 
tor, U. S. senate 1806, signed treaty of Ghent '15, 
candidate for president '32 and '44, prominently 
connected with the compromise of 1850. 

Saml. T. Coleridge, 1772, 1834, English poet and 
critic, German linguist and wrote Lyrical Ballads. 

Christopher Columbus, of Genoa, Italy, 1436, 1506, 
sailed from Palos Aug. 3, 1492, reached San Salvador 
Oct. 12 of that year and gave the natives the name 
of Indians, discovered Jamaica and Porto Rica 1493, 
and South America 1498. 

Confucius, B. C. 551, 478, Chinese philospher, com- 
menced preaching at 22, originated the "Golden 
Rule" and taught that to be polite and do good to 
humanity should be the chief end of man. Two- 
thirds of the human race for 2,300 years have given 
great credence to the precepts which he enunciated. 
Copernicus, 1473, 1543, German astronomer, dis- 
proved the Ptolemaic theory and demonstrated that 
the sun is the center of the universe. 

Wm. Coivper, 1731, 1800, English poet, translated 
Homer 1784. His letters and poetry are highly eulo- 
gized. 

Charles R. Darwin, 1809, '82, English naturalist 
and originated the theory of "evolution," that all 
forms of animal or vegetable life progress in the 
scale of natural descent by the "survival of the fit- 
test." 

Jefferson Davis,-oi Ky., 1808, U. S. senator from 
Miss., '47, inaugurated president of the Confederacy 
'61, imprisoned in Fortress Monroe for 2 years after 
the fall of Richmond, released on bail with Horace 
Greeley and other northern men as sureties andlater 
the indictment quashed. 

Daniel Defoe, 1661, 1731, English novelist, in insur- 
rection against James II. Author of over 200 works. 
John R. DeKalb, 1732, 1780, German general, ac- 
companied Lafayette to Am. 1777 and killed at bat- 
tle of Camden S. C. '80. 

Demosthenes, B. C. 385, 322, Athenian orator, op- 
posed Philip of Macedon against whom he delivered 
his "Philippics." Oration on the crown his greatest 
achievement. Suicided by poison. 

Charles Dickens, 1812, '70, English novelist, for a 
time reporter for the press, author of Nicholas Nich- 
olby, David Copperfield, Oliver Twist and other 
prominent productions. 

Stephen A. Douglas, of Vt., 1817, '61, statesman, 
congress from Illinois, '43, senator '47, candidate for 
presidency '56, '60. Supported Federal war, '61. 

Frederick Douglas, of Md., 1817, greatest colored 
American orator. Sold to a shipbuilder '32, escaped 
to Mass. and assumed the name of Douglas. Em- 
ployed as orator for the American Anti-slavery Sd- 
ciety '41. 

Dryden, 1631, 1700, English poet, critic and dra- 
matist, wrote 'iOde on Alexander's Feast." 

Mme. Duievant, 1804, '76, French novelist, mar- 
ried at 18, 10 years later separated, changed from 
zealous catholic to liberal ist, adopting man's attire 
and denouncing the marriage system. 

Thomas A. Edison, 1847, Am. electrician and in- 
ventor of improved telegraphy, telephone, electric 
light, phonograph, etc. 

Geo. F. Edmunds, of Vt. 1828, U. S. senator '66. 
re-elected three terms, and president of the senate 
under Arthur and after the death of Hendricks. 
Ralph W. Emerson, of Mass. 1803, '82, essayist. 



62 



VALUABLE STATISTICS 



philosopher and poet, Unitarian minister "29, auth- 
or of "Kepresentative Men." 

Edward Everett, 1794, 1865, orator and statesman. 
Prof, ol Greek at Harvard '55; congress '24, governor 
of Mass. '35, minister to England '41, secretary of 
state '52, senate '53,. 

Henry Fielding, 1707, 1754, English novelist and 
dramatist, lieutenant-general. "Tom Jones" his 
greatest novel. 

Benj. Franklin, of Mass. 1706, 1790, statesman and 
philosopher, youngest of 17 children, printer, estab- 
lished Penna. Gazette, published "Poor Richard's 
Almanac" 1735, drew electricity from the clouds by 
a kite '52, minister to France '76, governor of Penn. 
'85, member of constitutional convention '87. 

Robert Fulton, of Penn'a, 1765, 1815, engineer and 
inventor of steam boat, invented sub-marine torpe- 
do in Paris, discovered steam navigation 1801, assist- 
ed by Robert Livingston, built steamer Clermont 
1806, which ran regularly between New York and 
Albany. 

Galileo, 1564, 1642, Italian astronomer, adopted 
copernicum theory and constructed telescope 1609, 
discovered Jupiter's moons and ascertained that the 
"Milky Way" was composed of myriads of stars. 

Edward Gibbon, 1737, 1794, English historian, 
author of the "Decline and Fall of the Roman Em- 
pire," He was liberal in his religious belief. 

Oliver Goldsmith, 1728, '74, Irish poet and author 
of several prominent novels. 

Jay Gould, of Sandusky, Ohio, 1836, has become 
prominent as a railway and telegraph owner and 
manager. 

Horace Greeley, of N, H., 1811, 1872, journalist, 
founded N. Y. Tribune '41, was democratic candi- 
date for president '72, defeated by Grant and died 
shortly afterwards. 

Gutenberg, 140( , 1468, German inventor of print- 
ing and first publisher of the bible. 

Ale:s.. Hamilton, born in West Indies 1757; killed 
in duel by Aaron Burr, 1804, orator, statesman and 
general in revolutionary war. 

Wade Hannpton, of S. C. 1818, Confederate general, 
governor of S. C. 1876, U. S. senator '78. 

Winfield S. Hancock, 1824, 1886, major-general in 
late war, prominent in Gettysburg fight, democratic 
candidate for presidency 1880. 

Hannibal, B. C. 247, 183, Carthaginian general 
subdued the Spaniards, captured Saguntum 219, 
routed Roman army 216, defeated by Scipio Afri- 
canus, 202, suicided by poison to escape being pris- 
oner of the Romans. 

Francis Bret Harte, of N. Y. 1839, humoristic 
writer; consul to a German port, '78, author of 
''Heathen Chinee," etc. 

Warren Hastings, 1732, 1818, British general and 
statesman, governor-general of India, defeated Hy- 
der Ali, king of Mysore, 

Nathaniel Hawthorne, 1804, 1864, Am. author. Twice 
told tales, Scarlet Letter, Blithedale Romances, etc. 

Robert Y. Hayne, 1791, 1840, Am. orator and states- 
man, opponent of Webster in discussion of constitu- 
tion, governor of S. C. 1832. 

Patrick Henry, 1736, 1799, Am. patriot and orator, 
in continental congress, governor of Virginia. 

Oliver Wendell Holmes, 1809, Am. physician , auth- 
or and poet. The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table, 
Elsie Venner, etc. 

Homer, B. C. 1000, Greek poet, regarded as one of 
the greatest. Supposed to have been blind and 
poor. The Iliad and Odyssey arc prominent text 
books. 



Horace, B. C. '65, Latin poet. Odes, EpLst'es and. 
Satires. 

Samuel Houston, 1793, 1863, Am. genei'al and states- 
man, governor of Tennessee '27, commander of Texas 
forces in revolt against Mexico, captured Santa An- 
na '36, and elected president of Texas. U. S. sena- 
tor and governor of Texas. 

Washington Irving, of New York, 1783, 1859, auth- 
or Knickerbocker's History of N. Y. secretary of 
legation at London '29, minister to Spain '42, 
'Bracebridge Hall,' 'Conquest of Grenada,' etc. are 
among his works. 

Stonewall Jackson, of Va. 1824, Confederate gener- 
al, defeated Banks at Cedar Mountain and captured 
10,000 prisoners at Harper's Ferry '62, having recon- 
noitered with aids beyond his lines near Chancellor- 
ville he was taken for the approaching enemy and 
killed by his own troops. 

Ben Johnson, 1574, 1637, English poet and dramat- 
ist, served as a mason, soldier, actor, author of 'Every 
Man in his humor,' 'Alchemist,' etc. Poet Laureate 
by James I. 

Elisha Kent Kane, 1820, '57, Am. Artie explorer. 

LaFayette, 1151, 1834, French general and patriot, 
aided America 1777, wounded at Brandywine, com- 
mander of French Nat. Guard, 1789, revisited Am. 
1824 and prominent in French Revolution '30. 

James Lawrence, 1781, 1813, Am. naval hero, com- 
manded the Chesapeake, and killed by British frig- 
ate Shannon oflE" Boston, exclaiming while dying 
"Don't give up the ship." 

Robert E. Lee, of Va., 1806, '70, chief engineer of 
Scott's army in Mexico, commander in chief of the 
Confederate forces. Surrendered at Appomattox 
April 9, '65. 

Henry W. Longfellow, of Maine, 1807, '82 poet, 
prof, of modern languages at Bowdoin '29, at Har- 
vard '36, Hyperion, Hiawatha, Miles Standish, etc., 
among his works. 

Ignatus de Loyola, 1491, 1566, Spanish founder of 
the Jesuits. 

Martin Luther, of Eisleben, Germany, 1483, 1546, 
protestant reformer, priest 1507, jirof. of philosophy 
at Wittenberg '08, denounced sale of indulgences '17, 
translated new testament '22 and old testament '34. 

Thos. B. IfcCauley, 1800; '59, English historian; 
critic, and essayist. 

Geo. B. McClellan, of Pa., 1826, '85, served in 
Mexican war, engineer 111. Cen. R. R. '57, command- 
ed Federal forces '61, democratic candidate for presi- 
dency '64, afterwards governor of N. J. 

Michael Angelo, 1474, 1563, greatest Italian painter, 
poet, sculptor, architect of St. Peters church at 
Rome. 

John 3filton, 1608, '74, greatest English poet, blind 
'34, completed 'Paradise Lost' '55. 

Mahomet, A D. 569, founder of the Moslem relig- 
ion and author of the Koran. 

Sir Thomas Moore, 1480, 1535, English statesman, 
philosopher, parliament 1504, author of Utopia '16. 

Samuel F. B. Morse, 1791, 1872, Am. inventor of 
telegraph, constructed first line '44, Washington to 
Baltimore. 

Horatio V. Nelson, 1758, 1805, greatest English nar 
val commander, killed at Trafalgar where his fleet 
defeated French and Spanish. 

Sir Isaac Newton, 1642, 1727, English philosopher 
and mathematician, discovered gravitation '67, auth- 
or of 'Principia.' 

Michael Ney, 1750, 1815, French marshal, was call- 
ed 'bravest of the brave,' had five horses killed un- 
der him at battle of Waterloo, was captured after- 
wards and executed for treason. 



GENERAL INFORMATION. 



63 



Williajii Pitt, 1759, 1806, English statesman and 
orator, parliament 1780, prime minister 1783. 

Thomas Paine, 1737, 1809, patriotical writer and 
free-thinker, author of "The Crisis," "Age of Rea- 
son" and other works. 

Pocahontas, 1595, 161 7, daughter of Chief Pow- 
hatan pnd saved life of Captain John Smith, mar- 
ried English gentleman Rolfe. 

Israel Putnam, 1718, 1790, Am. revolutionary 
general, prominent at Bunker Hill. 

Pythagorus, B. C, 600, 510, Greek philosopher, 
taught the doctrine of transmigration of souls. 

John Randolph^ of Va. 1773, 1833, poHtician and 
orator, congress 1799, senate 1824, minister to Russia 
1830, 

Peyton Randolph, of Va., 1723, 1775, president of 
the first American congress. 

Jean Jaques Rousseau, 1712,1778, French philoso- 
pher and writer. 

Johanne Schiller^ 1759, 1S05, most popular of 
German poets. 

Sir Walter Scott, 1771, 1832, prominent Scottish 
novelist and poet. 

Wm. H. Seward, 1801, 1872, secretary of State 
1861-9, nearly assassinated the same night that Lin- 
coln was shot, (April 14, 1865). 

Horatio Seymour, 1811, 1886, governoPofN.Y.iRsa, 
re-elected 1862, democratic presidential candidate '68. 

William Shakespeare, 1564, 1616, greatest Eng- 
lish dramatist and famous author. 

Philip H. Sheridan, 1831, 1888, general in Fed- 
eral army and commander-in-chief 1883 till his death. 

Henry W. Shaw, (Josh Billings) 1818, 1885, Amer- 
ican humoristic writer and lecturer. 

John Sherman, 1823, secretary of treasury 1877-81, 
resumed specie payment, prominent senator. 

IVm. T. Sherman, \%ic,, Kxa.. general, made the 
celebrated 'March to the Sea'; general of army '69. 

Capt. John Smithy 1579, 1631, English explorer, 
founder of Va., first circumnavigator of the globe. 

Charles H. Spurgeon^ 1834, English pulpit orator 
and evangelist. 

Alex. H. Stevens, of Ga., 1812, '83. statesman, 
congress 1843, vice-president of the confederacy, au- 
thor of history U. S. and war between the states. 

Thomas Dewit Talmage, 1832, noted preacher in 
New York city. 

Samuel J Tilden, 1814, 1886, governor of N. Y., 
democratic candidate for president 1876, had popu- 
lar majority of a quarter million, and was given by 
the 'electoral commission' 184 of the 369 electoral 
votes. 

^Boss* Tweed, 1823, 1878, politician, mayor of New 
York, and embezzler. 

Matthew Vassar, 1792, 1868; founder of Vassar 
college. 

Voltaire, 1694, 1778, French author, poet, dramat- 
ist, historian, philosopher and skeptic. 

Jatnes Watt, 1736, 1819, Scottish engineer and in- 
ventor, improved and completed steam engine. 

Noah Webster, 1758, 1843, spent most of his life 
as a lexicographer. 

Daniel Wedster, of N. H., 1782, 1852, lawyer, or- 
ator, statesman, congress 1812, senate 1828, secretary 
of state, candidate for president 1834. 

Arthur W. Wellington, 1769, 1852, British gen- 
eral and statesman, parliament 1805, secretary of 
\reland 1807, defeated Napoleon at Waterloo i8ij. 

John G. Whittier, of Mass., 1807, poet and author 
of famous ballads. 



Wm. Wadsworth. 1770, 1850, English poet. 
Ulrich Z^vingle, 1484, 1531, Swiss reformer, killed 
in battle. 

STANDING ARMIES. 

Italy has an army of 214,000 and 2,475,000 trained 
men available. France keeps under arms 500,000 
men, one-fourth cavalry, has 1,850 field guns and 100 
fortress batteries. Germany's land forces are 468,- 
000 and she can mustei about four times that num- 
ber. — Austria's standing army numbers 289,000. — 
The English army 131,000, and in British India i8p,- 
000. Its navy is 700 ships. — The Russian Empire 
keeps standing 974,000 and can muster in war time 
over 2,000,000. — The Turkish standing army has 
350,000 men. — China has 300,000 soldiers. Our form 
of government makes it practicable to maintain 
peace with a very small force, and we find the U. S. 
with only about 25,000 regular soldiers. 

THE CIVIL WAR. 

During the civil war from first to last 2,600,000 
men were mustered in by the U. S. There were on 
duty Jan. ist, '6x, 14,663 Union soldiers, July, '61, 
183,588, Jan. '62, 527,204, Jan. '63, 698,802, Jan. '64, 
611,250, Jan. '65, 620,924, May '65, 797,807, and 
about one million on the muster roll at the close of 
the war. Many of the Union soldiers were mustered 
in for short periods, and none for longer than three 
years without re-enlistment. 

The Confederate troops were mostly engaged dur- 
ing the war,and at the close their army numbered 
but little over 150,000, although 600,000 had been on 
the muster rolls. The loss from battle on both sides 
was about 200,000, and from wounds, disease and 
subsequent deaths, together with those totally dis- 
abled, foots up nearly four times as many, thus 
making a sacrifice of nearly a million of men and over 
eight billions of property, in one of the most remark- 
able civil wars the world has ever known. 

MASON AND DIXON's LINE. 

A name given to the southern boundary line of 
the Free State of Pennsylvania which formerly sep- 
arated it from the Slave States of Maryland and 
Virginia. It was run — with the exception of about 
twenty-two miles- -by Charles Mason and Jeremiah 
Dixon, two English mathematicians and surveyors, 
between Nov. 15, 1763, and Dec. 26, 1767. During 
the excited debate in Congress in 1820, on the ques- 
tion of excluding slavery from Missouri, the eccentric 
John Randolph of Roanoke made great use of this 
phiase, which was caught up and re-echoed by every 
newspaper in the land, and thus gained a celebrity 
which it still retains. 

NEW YORK AND BROOLYN BRIDGE, 

First talked of by Colonel Julius W. Adams about 
1865; act of incorporation passed April, 1866; survey 
begun by John A. Roebhng, 1869; construction be- 
gun January 2, 1870; first rope thrown across the 
river August 14, 1876; Master Mechanic Farrington 
crossed in a boatswain's chair August 25, 1876; depth 
of the New York foundation below high water mark, 
78 feet 6 inches; depth of the Brooklyn foundation 
below high water mark, 45 feet. The New York 
tower contains 46,945 cubic yards of masonry; the 
Brooklyn tower 38,214; weight of the Brooklya 
tower, 93,079 tons; weight of the New York tower, 
about a third more; size of the towers at high water 
line, 140x59 feet; at roof course, 136x53 feet; height 
of tower above high water mark, 276 feet 6 inches; 
height of roadway in the clear in the middle of the 
East River, 135 feet; grade of the roadway, 3 
feet 3 inches to 100 feet; width of the prom- 
enade in the center of bridge, 16 feet 7 inches; 
width for railway on one side of the promenade, 
12 feet 10 inches; width of carriageway on the 
other side of the promenade, 18 feet 9 inches; 
width of bridge, 85 feet; length oi main span, 1,595 
feet 6 inches; length of each land span, 930 feet; 



64 



VALUABLE STATISTICS. 



Length of the Brooklyn approach 971 feet. Length 
of the New York approach 1,560 feet. Length of 
each of the four great cables 3,578 feet 6 inches ; di- 
ameter 15% inches; number of steel galvanized 
wires in each cable 5,43'^ ; weight of each cable about 
800 tons. Ultimate strength of each cable 15,000 
tons. Weight of steel in tne suspended superstruc- 
ture 10,000 tons. Total cost 15,000,000 dollars. Op- 
ened for traffic in 1883. 

RAILWAY SUSPENSION BRIDGE, NIAGARA FALLS. 

Engineer, John A. Roebling. Height of towers on 
American side 88 feet. Heigbt of towers on Canada 
side 78 feet. Length of bridge 800 feet. Width of 
bridge 24 feet. Height above the river 250 feet. 
Number of cables 4. Diameter of cables 10 inches, 
containing about 4,000 miles of wire. Ultimate ca- 
pacity of the 4 cables 12,400 tons. Total weight of 
bridge 800 tons. Distance betwewu railway track 
and carriage road below 28 feet. Cost of construc- 
tion 500,000 dollars. Bridge hrst opened for railway 
trarlic March 8, 1855. Estimated uepth of water in 
the channel beneath the bridge 250 feet. Velocity 
of current 20 miles per bour. Velocity of Whirlpool 
Kapids:i7 miles per nour. Quantity of water pas- 
sing through the gore per minute 1,500,000,000 cubic 
feet. 

NEW^ CAPITOL BUILDING AT ALBANY, N. Y. 

It was decided to erect the New Capitol on the 
first day of May, 1865. On the ninth day of Decem- 
ber, 1867, the work of excavation commenced and 
proceeded to a depth of sixteen feet below the sur- 
face. On the seventh day of July, 1869, the first 
stone in the foundation was laid. The corner stone 
was laid on the twenty-third day of June, 1871. 
The size is 300 feet north and suuth by 400 leet east 
and west, and with the porticoes will cover three 
acres and seven square feet. The walls are 108 feet 
hign from the water table. Total cost of the build- 
ing up to February 25th, 1884 was $15,270,000. It is 
estimated that it will cost at least |6,000,000 more to 
complete it. 

U. S. WEATHER SIGNALS. 

White flag indicates clear or lair weather. Blue 
flag indicates rain or snow. Black, triangular flag 
always refers to temperature ; when placed above 
white or bhte it indicates warmer weather ; when 
placed below white or blue it indicates cooler weath- 
er ; when not displayed the indications are that the 
temperature will remain stationary, or that the 
change will not vary five degrees from the tempera- 
ture of the same hour of the preceding day. White 
flag with black square in center, indicates the ap- 
proach of a sudd(3u and decided fall in temperature. 

The weather predictions are issued at 1 a. m., 
daily for the twenty-four hours commencing at 7 a. 
m. These predictions are telegraphed to Signal 
Service stations, railroads, post-oifices, e^o. 

The cold-wave warnings are telegrajjhed to the 
princiijal stations of the service from twenty-four 
to forty-eight hours in advance, when it is expected 
that the temperature will fall decidedly and sud- 
denly. 

HOW TO MEASURE CORN IN CRIB, ETC. 

This rule will apply to a crib of ^ny size or kind. 
Two cubic feet of good sound dry corn in the ear 
will make a bushel of shelled corn. Then to get the 
quantity of sbelled corn in a crib of corn in the ear, 
measure the length breadth and height of the crib, 
inside of the rail, multiply the length by the breadth 
and the product by the height ; then divide the pro- 
duct by two and you have the number of bushels of 
shelled corn in the crib. 

To find the number ot apples, potatoes, etc. in a 
bin, multiply the length breadth and thickness to- 
gether, and this product by 8, and point ofl" one fig- 
\*t* in the product for decimals. 



ANTIDOTES FOR POISONS. 

In case where the other articles to be used as anti-- 
dotes are not in the house, give two tablespoonfuls of 
mustard mixed in a pint of warm water. Also give 
large draughts of warm milk or water mixed with 
oil butter or lard. If possible give as follows: 

For bed-bug poison, blue vitriol, corrosive subli- 
inent, sugar of lead, sulphate of zinc or red precip- 
itate — give milk ot white of eggs in large quanti- 
ties. 

For Fowler's solution or white percipitate, arsenic 
—give prompt emetic of mustard and salt— table- 
spoonful of each ; follow with a quantity of sweet 
oil, butter or milk. 

For antimonial wine or tartar emetic— drink warm 
water to encourage vomiting. If vomiting does not 
stop give a grain of opium in water. 

1 or oil vitriol, muriatic acid or oxalic acid— Mag- 
nesia or soap dissolved in water. Give every two 
minutes. 

1 or caustic soda or caustic potash— drink freely of 
water with vinegar or lemon juice in it. 

For carbolic acid— give flour and water or glutin- 
ous drinks. 

For chloral hydrate or chloroform — pour cold wat- 
er over the head and face, with artificial respiration, 
galvanic battery. 

For carbonate of soda, copperas or cobalt— prompt 
emetic ; soap or mucilaginous drinks. 

For laudanam, morphine or opium — strong coffee 
followed by ground mustard or grease in warm wat- 
er to produce vomiting. Keep in motion. 

For nitrate of silver — ^give common salt in warm 
water. 

For strychnine or tincture nux vomica — emetic of 
mustard or sulphate of zinc, aided by warm water. 

REMEDIES FOR BURNS AND SCALDS. 

Every family should have a preparation of flax- 
seed oil, chalk and vinegar, about the consistency 
of thick paint, constantly on hand for burns and 
scalds. 'J'he best aj^plication in cases of burns and 
scalds is a mixture ot one part of carbolic acid to 
eight parts of olive oil. Lint or linen rags are to be 
saturated in the lotion, and spread smoothly over 
the burned part, which should then be covered with 
oil silk or gutta-percha tissue to exclude air. 

STRENGTH OP ICE. 

Two inches thick— will support a man. 
Four inches thick — a man on horseback. 
Five inches thick — an eighty-pounder cannon. 
Eight inches thick — a battery of artillery. 
Ten inches thick— will support an army. 

HOW TO MIX INK AND PAINTS FOR TINTS. 

Bed and black makes Brown 

Lake and white makes Rose 

Umber and white makes Drab 

Whiteand brown makes Chestnut 

Red with light blue makes Purple 

Blue with lead color makes Pearl 

Carmine with white makes Pink 

Lamp black with indigo makes Silver Grey 

Lamp black with white makes Lead color 

Paris green with white makes.*. Light green 

Yellow ochre and white makes Bull 

White tinted with purple makes Freach white 

Black with chrome green makes Dark green 

Emerald Green with white Brilliant green 

Vermilion with chrome yellow Orange 

Yellow with white lead Straw color 

White tinted with red and yellow Cream 

Yellow, blue, black and red Olive 

COMPOSITION OF SOLDERS. 

Fine solder is an alloy of two parts of block tin, 
and one part of lead. Plumbing solder one part of 
block tin, two parts of lead. Glazing solder is equal 
parte of block tin and lead. 



DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH OF DUNKIRK. 65 

{Continued from Page 56'.) 
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING, ETC. 

JOHN HILTON'S BRICK, 

Manufactory and Yards near Western Limits. 

John Hilton was born in Birkenhead, England, and comes of a family 
of brickmakers. His grandfather on both the paternal and maternal side 
were brickmakers, and his father followed the business nearly all his life. 
Mr. Hilton served in the trade four years in France, and for over 35 years has 
followed the trade in Dunkirk and Illinois. He served in the late war, 
1861-63, and is the present commander of the G. A. R. Post in this city. 
In 1863 Mr. Hilton formed a partnership with his brother William, and for 
14 years the Hilton Brothers conducted the enterprise together, but for 10 
years past have run separate establishments. John Hilton continues the 
original yard, making an annual output of about one and one-half million 
bricks and requiring the services of 15 hands. The clay here produces a 
good brick, which finds a ready sale in the home market, and many car 
loads are shipped from the Hilton yards to Buffalo, Bradford and other 
cities. 

C. W. GUNTHER, 

Ice Dealer and Shipper, No. 308 Swan Street 

The storage of ice for summer use was a matter unthought of by our 
grandfathers, but has become one of the essentials of domestic and com- 
mercial economy. In the extreme south, where ice wastes so rapidly in 
shipments and storage, immense ice factories have been established where 
tons of the artificial product are daily made and delivered to consumers, 
but in this place the natural product is easily secured from the clear surface 
of the bay at some period of our winter season and can be stored at a 
minimum cost. 

C. W. Gunther is a native of Germany, a resident of Dunkirk for 37 
years past, and in 1880 purchased the ice business of A. G. Koch. He has 
two store houses with a combined capacity of 6,000 tons, and during the 
harvesting season employs about 65 men to cut and pack the ice. A half 
dozen hands and two or three wagons are required th^ year round in de- 
livering the congealed fluid to his 400 or more city customers. Mr. Gun- 
ther is prepared at all times to sell ice by the car load or in any quantity 
to suit customers, and his business is one of the necessary conveniences of 
Dunkirk. 

RICHARD FREY, 

Tinware, House Furnishing Goods, Etc., 52 and 5J^ West Second St. 

Among the business enterprises which go towards the upbuilding oi 
the town and a convenience to the rural population of this county is that 
conducted by R. Frey at Nos. 52 and 54 West Second street. His specialty 
is the manufacture of tinware and the handling of glassware, cutlery and 
general house furnishing goods. A dozen or more men drive wagons 
through the country and city, taking rags and other barter in exchange for 



66 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

these commodities, which are in turn shipped to wholesale houses and 
their products used to further Dunkirk's interests. Mr. Frey is a native of 
Germany, for 20 years in Dunkirk, and about five years since purchased 
the business of A. F. Fisher. His building is 30x70 feet, two stories, giv- 
ing ample storage room and convenient manufacturing facilities for the 
tinware department. ^ 

MRS. E. M. H. EDWARDS, 

Florist, Central Avenue, near Nickel Plate Depot. 

The occupation of florist is most beautiful, entertaining and instruc- 
tive. Whether it be adopted as a pastime or pursued as a profession, it has 
attained such a degree of pioficiency as to now entitle it to rank among the 
cultured arts. A representative establishment devoted to this branch of 
industry in Dunkirk is that conducted by Mrs. Edwards. This lady has a 
natural and cultivated taste for flowers, and owns large and well-appointed 
green-houses, at all times filled with a choice selection of seasonable and 
favorite flowers and plants, comprising assorted varieties of tropical exotics, 
roses, etc., which enable her to furnish cut flowers at all seasons of the 
year. A specialty is made of floral designs and decorations for weddings, 
funerals, parties, and public and private entertainments. Mrs. Edwards is 
thoroughly proficient in floriculture, and is familiar with all the peculiari- 
ties of this line of industry. 



GENERAL SUMMARY AND REVIEW 



Bead This, if Nothing More. 

The old fogies who are ever ready to discourage any development, and 
prophesy that Dunkirk and Fredonia are dead, who believe that Western 
New York is not worth having, and the lake region getting poorer every 
day, should be retired into the obscurity which they so richly deserve. 
Progressive citizens, who are not waiting for something to turn up, but have 
put their shoulders to the wheel and given material aid to the development 
of manufacturing, mercantile or agricultural pursuits, are worthy of special 
mention, and with pleasure we have devoted a fair share of this pamphlet 
to their varied interests. We do not claim for this section a big boom, but 
are correct in asserting that our prosperity has been steadily increasing for 
several years past and Dunkirk appears to be upon the eve of very im- 
portant developments. Manufacturers and capitalists cannot fail to see the 
great advantages to be gained from our superior transportation facilities — 
five railroads, see pages 18-21, and Lake Erie's broad surface before us — 
and the modifying influence upon the climate of the large adjacent body 
of water. It is scarcely necessary for us to refer again to our superior 
< ducational, religious and social advantages, which have been given in de- 
\ il on pages 7 to 13. A summary shows over $225,000 in church property. 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 67 

with an aggregate seating capacity of 6,000, while the Orphan Asylum and 
school property is worth over ^150,000 more, and furnishes good accom- 
modations for about 2,000 scholars. The Dunkirk schools present the full 
advantages of primary, intermediate, grammar and academic departments, 
while Fredonia furnishes an excellent normal course. Our banks are solid 
and present ample accommodations, while there is a movement on foot to 
organize a savings institution in the near future. The professions here ap- 
pear to be full and to be represented by good talent, but " there is always 
room at the top." 

Our industrial pages disclose the fact that in manufacturing and 
kindred pursuits about 1,700 men and nearly 200 women are employed. 
This is not a bad showing for a comparatively young city, but we need 
many additional manufacturing enterprises. Cotton and woolen mills, 
hosiery mills, etc., should be supplied for the employment of surplus female 
help, and there are many lines of leather, wood and iron manufacturing 
which could be organized for additional male labor. A shoe factory, basket, 
chair or furniture factory, rolling mill or other iron industries, have just as 
good a chance to succeed here, if under judicious management, as in the 
large majority of cities where such institutions are now thriving. If Dun- 
kirk's able citizens will continue to invest and to all pull together there need 
be no fear of failure nor delay of coming prosperity. There are several lines 
of merchandise in which wholesale houses might be established with pro- 
priety, among which a reliable house devoted exclusively to wholesale 
groceries could hardly fail of success. 

Our hotels are fully sufficient to meet the present circumstances, but 
there is not a shadow of doubt that a well appointed tourists' hotel, or 
scientifically conducted sanitarium, either or both containing from one to 
two hundred rooms, could be kept filled here for eight months in the year 
if properly located, well advertised and judiciously managed. Perhaps 
the most available site away from the bustle of the cars, noise and dirt of 
the manufactories, and with picturesque surroundings, would be Point 
Gratiot. The city owns a handsome grove of 50 acres on the lake beach 
here, and that if rightly fitted up cannot be surpassed for a summer 
pleasure ground. An elligible site for the erection of buildings can be had 
adjacent to this vv^here boating, fishing or swinging in. the grove hammocks, 
with the invigorating summer breezes from Lake Erie's broad expanse, 
would furnish every element for pleasure and health. This suggestion is 
worth more than a passing thought, and a number of our well-to-do citizens 
who have given it careful consideration are willing to invest in a stock 
company for that purpose when the proper man develops feasible plans. 

Our article on agriculture and thoroughbred stock will convey a slight 
idea of what advantages the surrounding country is possessed. The im- 
portance of those pursuits will be manifest, as thriving agricultural 
and stock-raising districts give back-bone to commercial and manufecturing 
centers. Any man who has the stamina to go west with limited means, 
and trus's to his energy and the smiles of Providence, and who succeeds 
there could with the same energy and trust have greater certainty of success 
here. He has no grasshoppers, nor blasting drought, nor cyclones. His 
wants are fewer, his hardships less. A climate fairly equable and in many 



68 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

points superior to the West and South. On pages 68 to 77 it will be seen 
that we have the principal secret and social societies, so that all may find 
their accustomed school, church, lodge or social standing in this place. 

One good evidence of Dunkirk's advancement is the fact that nearly 
every desirable house is supplied with tenants. The tide of development 
fully indicates that it is time for our landlords to" tear down all tumble- 
down shanties and replace them with substantial buildings. Some plan 
should be taken to establish a regular city market, as this would bring the 
farmers from long distances and encourage them to secure the supplies 
here for which they now go elsewhere. A good market building, if rightly 
planned, could be made a paying investment to private parties or to the 
city, and a great convenience to both consumers and producers. There are 
abundant reasons why Dunkirk is entitled to a fair appropriation for her 
harbor — $50,000 to $75.000 — so that some efficient work could be done. 
For many years past the small appropriations have principally been used 
in experimental and repair work, as they were not sufficient at any one 
time to inaugurate a well founded plan for improvement. Statistics from 
the passenger service at Dunkirk show that one of our five railroads carried 
from this station 42,903 persons during the year '87, and the present election 
year will record a greatly increased number. With a good tourists' hotel 
on Point Gratiot, and pleasure grounds rightly fitted up, there is no good 
reason why a fair share of the excursion trade could not be brought here. 
Let all our good citizens wake up to the prospects and possibilities and put 
a shoulder to the wheel. 

Dunkirk's religious, educational and social advantages have been fully 
shown, her general manufacturing features are unexcelled, the sanitary and 
climatic surroundings are admirable, and in the name of the Commercial 
Association of Dunkirk, and the good people here in general, we invite 
those who are seeking for business locations or for a desirable place in 
which to educate their families, to come and investigate the merits of our 
thriving city and we believe you will conclude that your interests as well 
as ours will be enhanced by making a permanent home in this pleasant 
location upon Lake Erie's beach. 



SOCIAL SOCIETIES, ASSOCIATIONS, ETC. 

While the educational and religious features of a place have due 
weight with the intelligent prospective settler, the secret societies, or other 
social attractions, are a matter to which much importance is attached by 
some persons, and we shall herewith show some of Dunkirk's advantages 
from a social and moral aspect. 

The Crusaders, or Knights of the Temple, which were organized in 
1096 with the avowed intent of wresting Jerusalem and the Holy Land 
from the hands of the Turks, was the earliest modern secret society of 
which we have authentic record. This organization at once assumed a 
military character and many thousands of lives were sacrificed in what 
was considered to be a relijjrious cause. 



OF DUNKIRK. NEW YORK. 69 

ANCIENT FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS. 

Free Masonry has its rights and ceremonies founded upon the traditions 
of the building of King Solomon's temple, and some of its devotees claim 
for it a continued existence among skilled operative Masons from that time 
to the present date, but its origin may be said to have been lost in remote 
antiquity. It is undoubtedly an ancient and respectable institution, em- 
bracing among its members men of every rank and condition of life, and 
stands prominent among the institutions established for the improvement 
of mankind. It is said that ancient Master-Masons met at York, A. D. 
926, and at least one Scottish lodge has written records extending back to 
1599. Elias Ashmole in 1664 gave in his diary an account of his initiation 
into the society. Twenty years later, after the great London fire. Sir 
Christopher Wren, then grand master of the order in that city, secured 
prompt financial aid for the suffering Masons, and the society flourished, 
accepting from time to time princes, potentates and rulers as honorary 
members who had not been proficient in operative work. In 1702 St. 
Paul's lodge of London, then the only active Masonic society in existence, 
dropped the operative restriction and agreed to accept as a candidate any 
man, free born, of mature age, moral character, sound body, and under the 
tongue of good Masonic report. In 1717 four lodges united to form the 
grand lodge of England, and from this the advent of speculative Free 
Masonry may properly be dated. It soon spread to France and other 
countries of the continent, and in 1733 was introduced into America. 
Washington organized and conducted American Union Lodge No. 1 in the 
Colonial army. At present there is no country of the civilized globe in 
which it has not gained a foothold, and its membership exceeds 3,000,000, " 
numbering in its ranks many of the most celebrated men of the age, cover- 
ing all shades of religious and political beliefs. 

In Dunkirk the order was chartered on June 11, 1853, by Daniel W. 
Wyman, Dwight Webb, Daniel Lord, E. R. Thompson, Albert Griswold, 
M. L. Marr., Jeremiah Tibbetts, Timothy Monnegan, M. W. Abell, Daniel 
G. Nivens, George W. Welsh, George Benson, Thomas Lipsey and Charles 
Stoddard, the first eight serving as principal officers in accordance with 
above arrangement, and forming Meridian Sun Lodge No. 801. This lodge 
surrendered its charter January 30, 1857, and twelve days later Irondequoit 
Lodge was organized under the same number and charter. With nearly 32 
years of active work this lodge presents a long list of past masters, fis fol- 
lows: *T. P. Grosvenor, *S. M. Doyle, S. D. Caldwell, David Russell, *C. 
K. Irwin, S. M. Smith, A. H. Libby, L. G. Risley, E. D. R. Randall, Wm. 
Zimmermann, John Hilliard, Charles Blood, George F. Seybolt, *Thomas 
Morian, B. G. Bailey, and H. C. Buffington, the present W. M. This lodge 
meets first and third Fridays. 0. M. Hiller, secretary. Membership 153. 

Dunkirk Lodge No. 767 was organized December 9, 1875, and has a 
membership of about 65. The petitioners were J, N. Edmonston, W. M.; 
Byron Rathbun, S. W.; Geo. P. Isham, J. W.; W. C. Smith, M. L. Hinman, 
Wm. H. Wyman, D. G. Ailing, W. L. Webley, F. G. Gould, J. C. Haggett 
and W. L. Yelton. Mr. Edmonston was succeeded in the chair by W. P. 



Those marked with a * are deceased. 



70 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

Mullett, W. H. Wyman, Clark Bloss and W. C. Hilton. The present 
principal officers are W. G. Hurlbert, W. M.; W. J. Cronyn, S. W.; E. J. 
West, J. W.; A. J. Lunt, treasurer; Daniel Smith, secretary; S. V. Hall^ 
tyJer. Meets first and third Mondays. 

Dunkirk Chapter No. 191. — The formation of a chapter of Royal Arch 
Masons in this city was largely due to the untiring zeal of W. H. Wyman, 
who, with a few others, persevered against opposition and finally secured a 
charter February 10, 1866, which still continues in a flourishing condition. 
The past high priests are "^F. F. Driggs, W. H. Wyman, A. H. Libby, L. G. 
Risley, *E. C. Williams, Elijah Harris, S. M. Smith, H. J. Gibbs, Jr., B. L. 
Harrison and F. B. Barnard. The present principal officers are J. Y. Bart- 
lett, H. P.; E. L. Clement, K.; C. F. White, S.; A. J. Lunt, treasurer ; 0. M. 
Hiller, secretary. Membership about 140. Stated convocations second and 
fourth Tuesdays. 

Dunkirk Council No. 25. — A council of Royal and Select Masons was 
also formed in 1866, and is in a very prosperous condition, numbering 
about 90 members. The i3ast masters of this organization are *F. F. Driggs, 
*J. S. Shaw, W. H. Wyman, B. Rathbun, C H. Sherman, Elijah Harris, C. 
E. Hequembourg, S. M. Smith, B. L. Harrison and *H. T. Morian. The 
present principal officers are H. J. Gibbs, T. I. M.; B. L. Harrison, R. I. D. 
M.; J. Hilliard, I. P. C. W,; R. McKay, treasurer; E. Harris, sentinel. 
Stated assemblies first Wednesday. 

Dunkirk Commandery No. Jfi. — A commandery of Knights Templar was 
organized October, 1867, and has a membership of about 135, Avhich, con- 
sidering the size of our city, is a very creditable record. The past eminent 
commanders of this organization are Sirs *F. F. Driggs, B. Rathbun, C. H. 
Sherman, G. P. Isham, W. H. Wyman, M. L. Hinman, C. J. Carney, A. F. 
Howard and B. L. Harrison. Sir A. F. Howard is also the present E. C ; 
B. R. Gifford, G.; John Hilton, C. G.; N. J. Horton, P.; H. J. Gibbs, Jr., S. 
W.; Charles Blood, J. W. ' Stated conclaves second and fourth Wednesdays. 

Dunkirk Consistory No. SJf. — A consistory of the Ancient and Accepted 
Scottish Rite was organized in Dunkirk July 14, 1887, under the authority 
of the Sovereign Grand Consistory and its Supreme Grand Council, 
Sovereign Grand Inspector General, 33d and last degree of A. A. S. R. 
MasQnry, as organized b)^ 111. Joseph Cerneau, Anno Domini 1807, for the 
U. S. A., its territories and dependencies. 111. F. J. S. Gorgas, M. D. 33° M. 
P. S. G. Com. The present officers are C. E. Hequembourg, commander- 
in-chief; F. B. Barnard, first lieutenant commander ; R. J. Gross, second 
lieutenant commander; A. J. Lunt, G. treasurer; and Wm. Zimmermann, 
G. secretary. 

The various Masonic bodies some years since prevailed upon Louis 
Heyl to fit up the third story of his block for a hall, which is finished with 
artistic taste, (the finely upholstered furniture and paraphernalia belonging 
to the fraternity), and provides ample accommodations for the different 
organizations of the ancient and honorable society of Free and Accepted 
Masons in this city, which enrolls in its ranks a fair share of our leading 
public men. 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 71 

INDEPENDET ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS. 

A society of the Ancient and Honorable Loyal Odd Fellows was 
formed about the beginning of the present century, and from its fantastic 
and convivial character was probably originated as a burlesque on the Free 
Masons, but in 1812 some of the brotherhood at Manchester, England, 
conceived a plan for the continuance of the order on noble and lasting 
principles — prompt attendance and disbursement of funds to a sick brother, 
administrations to the needs of the widows and education of the orphans 
—fellowship, love and truth. April 26, 1819, Thomas Wilder, of Man- 
chester, and four others, organized the first lodge of Independent Order of 
Odd Fellows in the United States at Baltimore, Md., naming it Washington 
Lodge No. 7. Eleven months later a second lodge was located at Boston, 
and December 26, 1821, the third society organized at Philadelphia. The 
Sovereign Grand Lodge of America was formed at Baltimore, June, 1828, 
and from that date the order made a rapid growth in the new world. There 
are some 50 grand lodges on this continent, with 6,000 subordinate lodges 
and a membership of over half a million. The membership in Europe is 
approximately the same, aggregating over one million of Odd Fellows. 

Point Gratiot Lodge No. 181, of Dunkirk, was organized Dec. 26, 1856, 
and has about 40 members. Meetings are conducted in German every 
Wednesday evening in Heyl block. The officers are: Jacob .Zimmermann, 
N. G.; Henry Sievert, V. G.; Gustav Krueger, Sec; Henry Erbes, P. S.; John 
Pflueger, Treas. 

Star of the West Encampment was chartered August 19, 1868, and 
present officers are: Gustav Krueger, C. P.; Louis Heyl, H. P.; John Dab- 
bert, S. W.; George Meissner, J. W.; J. Landschoof, Sec; Henry Erbes, P. S.; 
John Pflueger, Treas. 

Odd Fellowship was started at Fredonia at an early date, and the 
venerable Edwin Isham of this place is one of the oldest members of the 
fraternity in this section. Western Star Encampment No. 57 was organized 
October 3, 1848, and this was later removed to Dunkirk. Dunkirk Lodge 
No. 236 was organized in this place in 1851, with Francis French, Chas. H. 
Sherman, L. G. Risley and others as charter members, Mr. French officia- 
ting as first N. G. Two or three other lodges have been chartered and suc- 
cumbed, but Point Gratiot Lodge, after 32 years, still exists. 

KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. 

The order of Knights of Pythias was conceived from the play of 
" Damon and Pythias " by an actor, Justus H. Rathbone, of Washington, 
D. C., who organized the society February 19, 1864. It is of a chivalric or 
semi-military character, teaching with striking force the principles of bravery, 
charity, humanity, benevolence and unselfish friendship. In less than a 
quarter of a century it has secured a membership of over 200,000. The 
state of New York has abut 200 castles and 12,000 members. Uniform and 
endowment degrees are appendant ranks, the former started about 10 years 
ago principally through the efforts of J. J. Monnehan, of Nebraska, and 
the endowment feature, making beneficiary members of those who ent i- 
that rank. 



72 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

Chautauqua Castle No. 188, was chartered June 26, 1883, and in- 
corporated February, 1888. This society has a well furnished and commo- 
dious hall in Perkins block where Pythians meet every Tuesday night. 
The officers are: Henry Gawn, P. C; C. M. Burton, C. C; John A. Stapf, 
V. C; Henry Barnes, Pre.; James A. Holstein, K. of R. and S.; William S. 
Treusch, M. of F.; R. W. Heppell, M. of Ex.; Thomas Balch, M. A.; Joseph 
Effenberger, I. G.; Fred. Burrow, 0. G. The organization has about 60 
members, owns the hall furnishings and is flourishing in F. C. and B. 

GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. 

This organization was founded in 1867 in Illinois, and has a present 
membership of about 346,000. It is composed exclusively of men who 
served in the late war against the states which seceded from the Union, and 
is a patriotic organization designed to cherish the memories of the fallen 
comrades, assist and fraternize the living soldiers and dispense charities to 
the widows and orphans of the deceased. The order has probably reached 
its acme, as it has incorporated in its ranks the majority of those from the 
late war who are still living, and the death rate must now necessarily be 
about as large as the increase from those who are elligible that still remain 
outside its folds. Under the present constitutional requirements it can be 
but a few years at most until the ordor must succumb for lack of material, 
and the Sons' of Veterans has been organized as a society to perpetuate the 
memories of the fathers. 

W. 0. Stevens Post No. 893, is successor to W. 0. Stevens No. 124, which 
was organized in 1868. The present post was organized August 14, 1883, 
and has about 70 members. The officers are : John Hilton, Com.; John 
C. Kern, Sen. Vice Com.; Fred. B. Kinner, Jun. Vice Com.; E. P. Adams, 
Adj.; T. C, Jones, Q. M.; C S. Stanley, Chap.; W. J. Cronyn, Surg.; Daniel 
Stryker, 0. D.; Herman Boehm, O. G.; Frank Timmons, S. M.; Henry 
Shafer, Q. M. S. The post meets first and third Thursdays in G. A. R. 
hall, and has an honorable record for its charitable contributions, being 
ably seconded by the Women's Relief Corps and the Sons of Veterans. 

ANCIENT ORDER OF UNITED WORKMEN. 

The above order is the oldest of its kind in the United States, having 
been established at Meadville, Pa., October 28, 1868, and now having a 
membership of over 210,000, which is largely in excess of any other bene- 
ficiary organization. Prior to January 1, 1888, the A. O. U. W. had paid 
to the relatives of deceased members $20,330,000, and is now carrying in- 
surance risks aggregating over four hundred millions of dollars. By a 
careful discrimination in risks the average mortality rate in this state has 
been less than 8 to every 1,000 members, while the usual insurance tables 
allow over 12. The full $2,000 insurance has in all cases been promptly 
paid, without litigation, upon proper proofs of the death of any brother in 
good standing, and the order has a record of reliability not excelled by any ■ 
beneficiary organization. It is not, as its name would seem to imply, a 
fraternity of working men, but strictly a mutual insurance and fraternal 
society composed of all phases of business, social and religious preferences. 
In New York the order now has 375 lodges and about 29,000 members. 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 73 

The office of the Grand Recorder was located in Dunkirk in 1876 by J. G. 
Armstrong, and continued here by N. J. Horton, who has officiated for 
five years past. Mr. Horton was formerly merchandising in this county 
and for three years in the jobbing trade at Buffalo. He now devotes his 
whole time to the duties of Grand Recorder, and requires three assistants. 

Dunkirk Lodge No. 11, was organized March 11, 1875, and has a present 
membership of 170. The lodge has a good library and handsomely 
furnished hall in Monroe block, where they meet on second and fourth 
Mondays. The principal officers are : Henry Willie, jr., P. M. W.; Chas. S. 
Thompson, M. W.; L. F. White, F.; C. F. Hartman, 0.; Chas. Willie, Rec; 
John Y. Bartlett, Fin.; and M. K. McDonough, Receiver. 

Lake Erie Lodge No. 38, was organized September 7, 1876, and meets in 
Heyl block every Tuesday evening. It is a German lodge and has about 
112" members. The present officers are: Andrew Wolter, P, M. W.; Ru- 
dolph Czekalske, M. W.; Jacob Loeb, F.; Wm. Segebarth, 0,; C. A. Doehler, 
rec; Henry Sievert, fin.; Henry Erbes, receiver ; John Burneister, I. W.; 
Carl Laverenz, O. VV.; Julius Gartzke, G. 

Dunkirk Legion No. 53^ Select Knights, was organized April 6, 1887, and 
has 42 uniformed members. The legion meets Thursday nights in old 
Masonic Hall. Charles Schultz, commander ; C. S. Thompson, recorder ; 
J. A. Stapf, lieut. commander and drill master. 

EQUITABLE AID UNION. 

The Equitable Aid Union was incorporated under the laws of the Key- 
stone State at Columbus, Pa., March 23, 1879. For a half dozen years the 
union was hampered by one drawback or another, but, finally, outlived 
adverse circumstances and for several years past has been steadily and 
surely progressing, having now a membership of over 26,000 scattered well 
over the northern States, but predominating in New York and Pennsylvania. 
The mathematical tables upon which the insurance is rated are perhaps the 
most carefully and systematically arranged of any beneficiary society and 
fully entitles this organization to the appellation of " Equitable Aid Union." 
Beginning with 21 years the insurance is $3,000 on a $1.00 assessment and 
drops $50 with each additional year of age, so that the person who delays 
entering until 41 only secures $2,000, and he of 61 only $1,000 insurance. 
This gives all intermediate ages a correct grading according to the proba- 
bilities from the expectancy tables. Another wise feature of the organiza- 
tion is the payment of one-half the insurance to the person upon his arrival 
at the ordinary age of physical disability. The Equitable Aid Union also 
insures ladies, and its 10 years' of experience in that direction has proven 
that thej^ are preferable risks. The medical examinations are very strict, 
and the society bids fair for a long and prosperous existence. A Grand 
Union was formed in this state in 1886, and has now a membership of over 
12,000. 

Palestine Union No. 4^9, was organized • March 22, 1887, and has about 
135 members. It meets in A. 0. U. W. hall on second and fourth Fridays, 
and the present principal officers are : S. B. Freedholm, chancellor ; H. G. 
Wilber, advocate; Prof. S. W. Elliott, president; Mrs. Henrietta Eaton, vice 



74 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

president; C. A. Sherman, secretary; E. S. Hoag, accountant; Charles S. 
Thompson, treasurer. Palestine Union is in a prosperous condition. This 
plan of insurance has given good satisfaction, and the social and fraternal 
features are very pleasant. 

There is another union here but we have failed to obtain particulars. 

KNIGHTS OF THE MACCABEES. 

An insurance organization on much the same plan as the E. A. U. was 
organized at Port Huron, Mich., June, 1881, and started in this state in 
August, 1884. This society grades the price of assessments according to 
age, and has both a fraternal and beneficiary feature. It provides for the 
payment of one-tenth of the insurance each year after a member reaches 
the age of 70 years or is permanently disabled. The K. 0. T. M. has been 
extremely fortunate, having had a mortality ratio of about 62 per thousand, 
and including tent dues the cost per $1,000 insurance for seven years past 
has not exceeded $8.00 per annum. A grand total of death claims aggre- 
gating over $325,000 has been paid, the present membership footing about 
20,000, of which one-half are in Michigan. Perhaps no beneficiary 
organization holds out as good inducements for young members as on a 
$2,000 policy, all below 35 pay but $1.00 an assessment, at the age of 50 it 
has reached $2.00, and at 55 — the limit of age — it is $4.00. 

Point Gratiot Tent No. 70, was organized March 19, 1888, and has about 
37 members. The tent occupies the handsome Pythian hall, and meets on 
first and third Wednesdays. The present principal officers are : B. R. 
Clifford, Sir Knight P. C; C. S. Thompson, Sr. Kt. Com.; W. L. Kinsley, Sr. 
Kt. Lt. Com.; Jos. Effenberger, Sr. Kt. Fin. Kr.; W. West, Sr. Kt. Serg.; C. 
H. Lutgen, Sr Kt. Pre.; D. G. Ailing, Sr. Kt. Phys. The average age of 
members in Point Gratiot Tent is 35. 

CATHOLIC BENEFICIARY SOCIETIES. 

The Catholic Mutual Benefit Association and the Roman Catholic 
Union of the Knights of St. John are composed exclusively of adherents 
to the Catholic faith and have the full endorsement of the church and 
clergy. These fraternal insurance societies have gained a well merited 
popularity. The C. M. B. A. was first organized at Niagara Falls, N. Y., 
December, 1876, and now has a total membership of about 20,000, of which 
nearly half are in this state. There are now five Grand Councils and 
branches in several other states which still work under the Supreme Council. 
Richard Mulholland, of Dunkirk, was, at the biennial election at Cleveland 
in September last, chosen as supreme president ; C. J. Hickey, of Brooklyn, 
supreme recorder; and M. J. Welsh, of Hornellsville, supreme treasurer. 
P. J. Mulholland is grand and supreme representative. 

Dunkirk Branch No. 25, was organized June 5, 1878, and has about 100 
members. It meets in Columb-us Hall building on first and third Fridays. 
John G. Doherty, pres.; J. F. Shaughnessey, 1st vice pres.; D. Moloney, 2d 
vice pres.; John Cavey, rec. sec; Bernard Fay, fin. sec; Michael Madigan, 
treas.; John Huston, marshal; C. Connors, guard. 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 75 

St. George's Branch No. 21^ was organized May 21, 1879, and has a 
present membership of about 80. The society meets each alternate Mon- 
day in St. George's Hall. John Dilenkover, chancellor; Florion Ortlieb, 
pres.; Lawrence Kessler, 1st vice pres.; Ferd. Woerstle, 2d vice pres.; Nicho- 
las Grass, cor. sec; John Rice, asst. sec; John Vogel, fin. sec; Nicholas 
Goebel, treas.; Alois Smith, marshal; Henry Smith, grand chancellor. 

*S'^. Jose'pK's Society is a branch of the Central Society and has been in 
operation over 20 years. It is a benevolent and insurance institution, giv- 
ing sick benefits and insurance for $500 or $1,000. It meets in St. George's 
Hall first Sundays. Ferdinand Woerstle, pres.; Richard Frey, vice pres.; 
August Kolb, treas. 

Knights of St. George. — The Roman Catholic Union of the Knights of 
St. John was organized about 1878, and incorporated under New York 
state laws May 6, 1886. The union consists of about 125 commanderies, 
has a membership of about 6,000 and is represented in nearly all the states. 
It is a military organization, and has as an auxiliary a benefit department 
which pays in case of death $500 to $1,500. It is represented in Dunkirk 
by the Knights of St. George Commandery No. 90, which meets at St. 
George's Hall the first Sunday of each month, and the first and third 
Thursdays for drills. The civil officers are : Jacob P. Groesch, jr., presi- 
dent ; Wm. Seitz, vice pres.; Peter V. Schneider, sec; Charles Metzgar, asst. 
sec; Timothy J. Werner, treas. The military officers are : John Dengler, 
commander; Adolf Ortlieb, 1st lieutenant; Peter C. Ruffing, jr., 2d lieuten- 
ant ; Charles Hofman, color bearer ; Nicholas Buscher and Peter Scholtes, 
sergeants. 

ROYAL TEMPLARS OF TEMPERANCE. 

The Supreme Council of the above order was organized in 1877, and 
on January 1, 1888, had a total membership of 22,519. The societ}^ pays 
from $500 to $4,000 insurance, requiring the usual medical examination 
and general safeguards established by other beneficiary orders. 

Chautauqua Council No. SI, was organized February 9, 1878, and has 
steadily carried a good membership, now numbering 74. Like the E. A. U. 
it also admits ladies to its beneficial and social features. J. A. Holstein is 
select councilor, and C. A. Sherman, secretary. 



The Knights of Labor was organized in 1869 by Uriah S. Stevens, a 
clothing cutter of Philadelphia, became general in 1871, but the name and 
principal facts were not made public for 10 years. In 1886 the society liad 
800,000 members but at present has less than 300,000. /Phe Dunkirk as- 
sembly was organized in 1882 and has about 100 members. 

Invincible Temple of Honor No. 2, was first started in Dunkirk in 1842^ 

and reorganized July 2, 1887. It has a present membership of 34. C. A. 

Sherman, W. C. T., H. Dickinson, fin. sec; Richard Houghton, sec; G. B. 
Evarts, treas. 

Empire Order Mutual Aid was organized December 12, 1878, as an in- 
surance society and has 7,000 members. Chautauqua Lodge No. 56 was 



76 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

established in Dunkirk March 26, 1879. C. C. Parker, pres.; 0. A. Sher- 
man, sec; C. M. Reed, treas. 

We believe there is also a society of Amalgamated Engineers, En- 
gineers' Brotherhood, Harugaris and, perhaps, others, of which the historian 
has been unable to obtain definite facts. 

THE COMMERCIAL ASSOCIATION. 

With the present onward march of development the city which does 
not have a Board of Trade, Chamber of Commerce, or similar non-political 
society to look after the general prosperity, is likely to fall behind in the 
race. The Commercial Association of Dunkirk was organized July, 1887, 
with the single purpose of advancing the prosperity of the place in every 
legitimate way. It comprises in its ranks the majority of Dunkirk's pro- 
gressive business men, and through its influence the Martin Anti-Fire 
Heater Co located in this city. This work has been compiled under 
auspices of its committee, and the secretary will be glad to furnish ad- 
ditional information to any person desiring to locate for business or resi- 
dence in the place. 

The officers are: C. E. Hequembourg, pres.; G. P. Isham, 1st vice 
pres.; M. L. Hinman, 2d vice pres.; S. J. Gifford, sec; W. T. Colman treas.; 
and these, with Wm. Bookstaver, Edward Nichols, J. T. Williams, John 
Madigan, L. G. Risley, E. C. Perry, J. H. Van Buren, Wm. Martin and 
Richard Mulholland, constitute the executive committee. These are all 
influential business men, and their names will be found in connection with 
the various manufacturing, mercantile or professional interests here. 

THE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 

Was organized January 13, 1872, as a stock company, and has nearly 2,000 
volumes. It was at a low ebb when the present management took hold of 
the work, but a number of choice books have been donated by citizens and 
the Young Men's Association have also given the library a liberal aid. 
There is, however, a demand for additional books, and the officers of the 
library, in connection with the Young Men's Association, are planning for 
additional funds with which to purchase modern works. This is a worthy 
object and should meet with a generous response from our citizens. A 
yearly ticket to the privileges of the library costs. but $2.00. Miss Isabelle 
Hilliard, a graduate of the Dunkirk Academy, officiates as librarian. The 
officers of the association are: Edward Nichols, president; W. T. Colman, 
treasurer. , 

THE YOUNG MEN's ASSOCIATION 

Was organized two years ago and by its constitution is limited to 25 
members. It is purely a philanthropic organization for the advancement 
of Dunkirk, as none of its members receive pay or any personal advantages. 
The association has an established lecture course, and last year appropri- 
ated the net proceeds to the improvement of Washington Park. A foun- 
tain, twenty-five feet in diameter, has been added, symmetrical walks 
graded, and other outlays to the extent of about $1,000. Dr. G. E. Black- 
ham, pres.; B. L. Nichols, sec. 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 77 

SOCIAL CLUBS. 

The Citizens^ Club was organized January 10, 1878, and has handsomely 
fitted apartments on second floor at No. 225 Center street. It is composed 
of about 70 business men of Dunkirk, and has well conducted amusement 
and social features. The present officers are : Dr. B. Rathbun, pres.; C. 
M. Reed, vice pres.; J. H. Lascelles, treas.; and S. J. Gifford, sec. 

The Owl Club was organized January, 1886, and is composed exclusively 
of young men, about 25, who meet for recreation and social enjoyment in 
their well furnished rooms at 227 Center street. A. L. Reagan, assistant of 
the Wells Fargo Express office, officiates as president ; Wm. Stickney, vice 
pres.; Wm. Evarts, sec; Henry B. Roberts, treas. 

Merrill's band and orchestra. 

Among Dunkirk's progressive citizens is A. N. Merrill, the music dealer, 
and to his assiduity may be attributed the formation of the band which 
takes his name. This was organized the commencement of the present 
year with ten pieces, and now has twenty-five instruments, brass and reed, 
each under control of an expert musician. In selecting his material Mr. 
Merrill was not unmindful of the social feature, and in all its qualities and 
equipments Merrill's band may well be classed as one of the finest in the 
state. Geo. A. Manton is musical director of the band and Wm. Gardner 
of the orchestra; A. N. Merrill, manager; B. 0. Horton, sec. and treas. 

GERMANIA GESANG VEREIN. 

This German musical society was organized August 13, 1856, by H. 
Klemann, Geo. D. Durf, L. Froehlich, Jac. Hauser, Charles Vollmer, F. 
H. Koch, James Graff, Wm. Mocker, Wm. Anhauser, A. G. Koch, Leon 
Rogger and Fred. Elker. Excepting a short suspension in 1861, the society 
has always maintained its regular meetings, and at present numbers about 
60, with Henry Smith as president and Prof. W. Eckert musical director. 

FIRE COMPANIES. 

We have previously referred to the efficient fire department, sustained 
through our Holly Works system and the hose companies The officers of 
the department are : Fred. C. Pheister, chief engineer ; Wm. C. Zimmermann, 
1st assistant ; John S. Coleman, 2d assistant. It is a volunteer force and has 
proven very prompt and efficient. Citizens Hose Company No. 2 has about 
32 members, with headquarters in Firemen's Hall, a handsome brick 
structure on Central avenue, which is owned by the city. The Pioneer 
Hook and Ladder Company also occupy part of the building and have 
about 30 members. Dunkirk Hose Company No. 1 have rooms in a leased 
building on Lion street and musters 28 men. Independetit Hose Company 
own a handsome frame building on Fourth street which, they lease to the 
city. Each of the above hose companies have about 1,000 feet of hose. 
The Brooks Locomotive Works also has a well equipped private company. 

CITY ASSESSORS. 

Under City Government heading we should have made mention of the 
assessors. Wm. H. Wyman is an old resident of the place and for ten 



78 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

years past a member of the city Board of Assessors and many years 
past an employe of the Brooks Locomotive office. Francis Lake is 
of EngUsh birth and enjoys an honorable position as foreman of G. P. 
Isham's cigar factory, while Jacob Wirtner is a retired merchant and real 
estate owner. Mr. Wirtner is a good example of a self-made man and 
illustrates what pluck and industry will do in Dunkirk. He learned the 
cabinet-maker's trade in Germany, came to this place 32 years ago, and for 
eight years worked in the finishing of passenger coaches for the Erie rail- 
road here. For more than 15 years Mr. W. was merchandising, and still 
owns the hardware building on Lion street and 15 or 20 residences and 
stores in the city. He is one of the directors in the Merchants' Bank, and 
at the last city election was chosen as one of our three assessors, although 
being politically on the minority side. 



MERCANTILE INTERESTS, 



Mercantile establishments are an absolute necessity in any city or vil- 
lage. Thriving manufacturing industries are a great source of continued 
prosperity to any place, but a certain number of mercantile houses are in- 
dispensable, and the more these are in accord with the progressive spirit of 
the times the better it keeps trade at home and draws from surrounding 
country or villages. We shall not attempt in this department to mention 
every house but shall endeavor to note the principal leading firms in the 
various lines. Our readers will, in some departments, even then, find some- 
what of a sameness, for it is impossible to describe a dozen grocery houses, 
or like firms, without incorporating monotony, unless the writer soars into 
imaginary flights or indulges in excessive laudation. We shall endeavor, 
as far as possible, to steer clear of these, but with representative houses 
shall feel at liberty to deal somewhat freely in superlative adjectives. Con- 
siderable manufacturing matters, which are directly connected with the 
mercantile, are of course incorporated with the latter business. 



DRY GOODS, CARPETS, FANCY GOODS AND NOTIONS. 

T. W. SIDEY, 

Dry Goods, Carpets, Cloaks, Etc., 221 Center Street. 

Among the enterprising and successful merchants of Dunkirk, perhaps 
none hold a more popular trade, or have done more to keep abreast of the 
times by securing bargains in his line, than T. W. Sidey. Mr. S. is a Scotch- 
man and was in the Buffalo trade for some years prior to opening a store 
liere with John McLaren in 1882. The firm secured a popular trade from 
the start, and in January, 1885, Mr. Sidey, through purchase from his part- 
ner, became the sole proprietor. Not only a large stock in all lines, but the 
best that was in the market was demanded by the many elite customers of 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 79 

this house, and Mr. S. has made a special study to meet all reasonable re- 
quirements. His success is well shown from the fact that it is a dull day 
when he and his eleven clerks do not find steady employment. Houses of 
this magnitude become important factors in our commercial development, 
for by bringing large stocks and close margins they save to the city trade 
what would otherwise go to Buffalo or other metropolitan cities. 

J. G. PARLOUR, 

Dry Goods, Cloaks, Notions, Etc., No. 220 Center Street. 

The dry goods tiade, perhaps more than any other in the mercantile 
line, requires a careful education in all its branches and a quick perception 
of the wants of a community for complete and continued success. J. G. 
Parlour is an Englishman, for more than a dozen years connected as travel- 
ing salesman with an extensive wholesale dry goods house of Buffalo and 
thereby obtained a thorough knowledge of goods and values. A couple of 
years since Mr. Parlour opened up a select stock at No. 220 Center street, 
where he keeps a full line of dry goods, domestics, notions, etc., together 
with an assortment of cloaks, and keeps everything pertaining to the trade. 
The salesroom 22x100 feet, is well lighted, and Mr. Parlour secures his goods 
through " The Syndicate," which firm purchases many millions of dollars 
worth of goods annually and secures the lowest prices, in large lots, direct 
from manufacturers. This fact, together with experience in handling goods 
and liberality to customers, has brought its reward to Mr. Parlour, who has 
secured and enjoyed a rapidly increasing trade since liis location in Dun- 
kirk. Recently he has established a branch business, " The People's Dry 
Goods Store," in Fredonia, which is in all regards a counterpart of the 
Dunkirk house. 

HARTMAN'S FASHION STORE. 
Millinery, Fancy Goods and Notions, 133 and 135 Center Street. 

Perhaps no place of Dunkirk's size in this section of the country can 
show a more complete notion and fancy goods house than the above em- 
porium. C. F. Hartman was for man}^ years in a prominent fashion house 
at Jersey City, and five years ago located at No. 135 Center street. The 
many bargains which he was able to present attracted a constantly in- 
creasing custom, and, April, 1886, he secured the adjoining number and 
has both of these large rooms literally packed with goods. The millinery de- 
partment presents all the fashionable styles at popular prices, and these are 
trimmed to suit customers. In fancy goods there is scarcely an article of 
women's wear or children's need that cannot be found in assortment, and 
the notion line is complete in all its details. Mr. H. is assisted by from 6 
to 12 clerks, as the season demands. He is a member of a syndicate of five 
houses who buy together in large quantities, thus securing bargains which 
they offer to customers at close margins. 

THE ERIE STORE. 

Millinery and Fancy Goods, 30.!f Central Avenue. 

Nathan Cohen, of Erie, Pa., commenced the mercantile trade in 1860, 
and has made a very successful record in that city. Four years ago, among 



80 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

other branch houses, he estabhshed the Erie Store in Dunkirk, with D. C. 
Sullivan as manager. This house keeps a full line of millinery and has an 
extensive trade in fancy goods, notions and toys. Children's carriages, 
sleighs, carts, etc., are kept in full supply, with an endless variety of 5 and 
10 cent articles. 



WHOLESALE AND RETAIL JEWELRY. 

NELSON & COMPANY, 
Jobbers of Jewelry, Watches, Etc., Opera House Block. 

In the mercantile department we believe the above house is the 
only one entitled to a recognition as strictly wholesale, and the fact of its 
having been conducted for 15 years in a line of goods seldom jobbed in 
small cities is not only an evidence that wholesale houses in any legitimate 
line might succeed here, but proof of good judgment and tact in its busi- 
ness operations. The firm occupy a double front store room, 35 x 80, and 
in the different duties of their trade employ from 8 to 10 men, controlling 
an average annual trade of $150,000. The stock carried is a large one, com- 
prising a full line of jewelry in all its varieties, as well as a varied assort- 
ment of optical goods, watches, clocks, etc. The proprietors have won an 
enviable record for honorable dealings, and the house is justly considered 
as an important factor in the commercial interests of the city. 

J. A. STAPF, 

Watchmaker and Jeweler, 128 Center Street. 

One of the largest stocks of retail jewelry to be found in Dunkirk is 
that kept by J. A. Stapf, at No. 128 Center street, which comprises a full 
line of clocks, watches, chains and general jewelry. Mr. Stapf is a native 
of Pittsburgh, Pa., learned his trade there, and for a dozen years has been 
engaged in business in Dunkirk, three years since removing to his present 
stand. He is a practical jeweler, keeps two men besides himself at work, 
and manufactures a large amount of the goods which he sells at retail, be- 
sides doing a considerable trade in jobbing to others. In addition to 
watches, jewelry, etc., he carries a large line of silverware, optical goods, 
and the general requirements of a first-class house. 

FRANK F. STAPF, 

Manufacturing Jeweler, No. 83 East Third Street. 

Born in Pittsburgh, Mr. Stapf came to Dunkirk in boyhood, learned 
the jeweler's trade in his brother's store, where he worked for several years. 
For a time he was employed at Glenns Falls, N. Y., by the inventor of the 
Time Globe (an ingenious clock in the form of a globe representing the 
world.) Mr. Stapf some three years ago located at his present number, 
where he keeps a good layout in all the lines of watches, clocks and jewelry, 
manufacturing much of the jewelry which he sells. He has the agency for 
the Aurora railroad watch, an excellent timer, which is manufactured at 
Aurora, 111. Mr. Stapf is just opening up a nice line of holiday goods for 
the Christmas season. 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 81 

JULIUS MARX, 

Watchmaker, Jeweler and Engraver, No, SO East Third Street. 

Julius Marx learned the watchmaker's trade in Germany, the land 
noted for thorough apprenticeship. Mr. M. worked at the trade in Paris 
and London before coming to New York six years ago. He came to Dun- 
kirk in 1886 and was for some time in the employ of J. A. Stapf, in August 
last opening up on Lion street, and in November removing to No. 89 East 
Third street, where he keeps a general assortment of watches, clocks, 
jewelry, silverware, etc. Mr. M. has had over a dozen years' experience as 
a practical workman, and gives his personal attention to repairing and en- 
graving. 

P. F. VALENTINE, 

Watches, Clocks and Jeioelry, No 19 Railroad Avenue. 

A few months since the jewelry business which had been for some time 
conducted by John Von Gunten, at No. 19 Railroad avenue, near the Erie 
depot in Dunkirk, was purchased by P. F. Valentine, an Austrian, who 
came to this city over 20 years ago. Mr. V. is a prectical machinist and 
worked in Brooks Locomotive Works for several years. Ten years ago he 
entered the watch factory at Fredonia and later removed with that institu- 
tion to Peoria, 111. He has manufactured every part of a watjh, under- 
stands the repairing of tower clocks, and can regulate the movements ot 
the most delicate or the most ponderous timekeeper. A stock of handsome 
gold and silver watches, chains, jewelry, etc., is kept, and prompt attention 
given to repairing, at No. 19 Railroad avenue. 



PIANOS, ORGANS AND MACHINES. 

SINGER MANUFACTURING CO., 

No. 307 Central Avenue, C. L. Smith, Manager. 

The "Singer" was among the first thoroughly practical sewing 
machines made, and has ever held a leading position both in points of ex- 
cellency and in Jhe magnitude of its operations. More than nine millions- 
of this useful household article have been manufactured, and the machine 
has found its way to all parts of the civiKzed globe. The merits of the 
Singer are too well known to need any lengthy comments from us. The 
Dunkirk agency is in the hands of C. L. Smith, an energetic and reliable 
salesman, who is well acquainted with the many good points of the Singer. 

A. C. MERRILL, 

Pianos and Organs, No. 216 Centei^ Street. 

The men who have catered to the aisthetic taste of the country and 
assisted in extending the desire for musical culture are deserving of the 
thanks of the American people, as the pleasure and refinement which 
music brings are well worth the labor and expense of the acquirement. In 
all civilized countries this branch of trade has made a wonderful stride 
during the past 25 years, and Dunkirk's best citizens were glad to welcome 



82 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

the above house, which was opened October 1, 1886, makiDg the first com- 
plete music house of the place and now holding a leading position in the 
musical merchandise of this section of country. Kranich & Bach's, Steck 
and other pianos, manufactured in New York City, is a leading feature of 
trade, while in organs the well known Story & Clark make, of Chicago, is 
furnished at popular prices in all the desirable styles and combinations. 
A full line of small musical instruments and musical merchandise in 
general is also found at this representative house. Mr. Merrill is a Penn- 
sylvanian, and has had a full experience in the musical business. 

J. W. REID, 

Pianos, Organs, Sewing Machines, 13 Jf Center Street. 

Like many others who were born in Her Majesty's dominions, J. W. 
Reid a couple of years since transferred his residence to Dunkirk, and in 
April last, in company with M. E. Van Wert, of Jamestown, N. Y., opened 
out the music business on the corner of Center and Second streets. A few 
months later Mr. Reid purchased his partner's interest and is doing a good 
business in widening the demand for musical goods. He makes a specialty 
of standard first-class makes, believing this plan to be better in the long 
run for both buyer and seller. Mr. Reid has a pleasant address which has 
rapidly brought him into the good graces of our people, and the success of 
the house has surpassed the most sanguine expectations of its proprietor. 
In pianos Mr. Reid carries the agency for Behr Brothers, Lindeman & Sons, 
Mathushek and other prominent manufactures. His specialty in organs is 
the Farran & Votey, of Detroit, Mich., which is prized for its excellent 
workmanship, and is put up in every desirable style. He aiso sells the 
well known Domestic sewing machine and has the agency for the Standard, 
which is hard to beat in its many fine points. 



BOOKS, STATIOITERY, ETC. 

C. K. ABELL & SON, 

Boohs and Stationery, No. 806 Central Avenue. 

The above store was started about 1852 by H. C. Wright, and in 1870 
was purchased from A. K. Hurd by C. K. Abell & Son. Dan. W. Abell 
has since retired from the firm and his place been taken by Charles C, a 
younger brother. The firm carry a large stock, does some jobbing business 
and has a complete assortment of such goods as is demanded by the retail 
trade in books, stationery, etc., as well as a supply of wall paper, decora- 
tions and curtains. A large line of gold pens, spectacles, and general case 
goods and sundries can always be found at this well established house. 
The Abell family was one of the pioneers in Dunkirk. 

HENRY WEILER, 
Books, Stationery, News, Etc., 103 East Third Street. 
Recently the Merchants' National Bank have built a new addition to 
their block, at the corner of Lion and Third streets, that has been especially 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. ^ 83 

fitted up for Henry Weiler's book-store, which was last month removed to 
its new quarters. The room fronts on Third street, is finely lighted and 
fitted throughout. Mr. Weiler commenced the book trade in this city some 
14 years ago, and his spirit of progression has always held for him a lead- 
ing position in the trade. A large and well selected line of miscellaneous 
works are always to be found on his shelves, and school-books, blank- 
books, stationery, periodicals and papers are kept in such assortments as 
to fill all the requirements of the trade. The showcases contain every 
necessary adjunct to a first-class book-store, and just at present Mr Weiler 
is opening out a handsome lot of novelties and fancy goods of his line for 
the approaching holiday trade. 



READY-MADE CLOTHING, FURNISHINGS, ETC. 

STAR CLOTHING MANF'G CO., 

Brown & Friend, Pi^oprietors, 31o Lion Street. 

Those who deal direct with manufacturers save the jobbers' profit and 
efi'ect quite a saving which must go to keep up the middle men. The Star 
Clothing Manufacturing Co. was established as a retail house in Dunkirk 
by the extensive and well known manufacturers of Buffalo, Brown & 
Friend, who have branch houses in several states. This firm manufacture 
every grade and kind of men's, youths', boys' and children's wear, and on 
October 20, 1888, they opened up a full stock of their manufacture at No. 
315 Lion street, under the management of El. Fink. The house occupies 
a desirable room, with good light, and its large and varied stock comprises 
not only the full line of clothing, but a complete assortment of gents' 
furnishing goods, hats, caps, trunks, valises, etc., making a decided addition 
to the mercantile attractions on Lion street. The opening weeks have dem- 
onstrated that the undertaking is well planned and will bring success. 

C. R. BECKER, 

Clothing and Furnishing Goods, 311 Lion Street. 

Charles R. Becker is a native son of Dunkirk, and in September, 1887, 
opened up his clothing stock at No. 311 Lion street, where he keeps an as- 
sortment in all the lines of ready-made clothing and gents' furnishing 
goods, and has met with a fair encouragement in his business. Mr. Becker 
is a live young man and does not propose to allow the old fashioned high 
prices to drive away his custom, but will present every reasonable induce- 
ment for customers to make his rooms their permanent trading place. 

BUFFALO ONE PRICE CLOTHING STORE, 

No. 211 Center St., Louis Treusch, Proper. 

In the line of ready-made clothing and gentlemen's furnishing goods 
the above house has made a prominent record in Dunkirk. Louis Treusch 
began the clothing business in Austria 35 years ago, and, after more than a 
quarter of a century's experience in Europe, seven years ago opened up 
business in Dunkirk. The house handle almost exclusively the manu- 
facture of Warner Bros. & Co., of Buffalo, which factory is the largest in 



84 ^ DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

Western New York and has gained a well merited popularHy. The stock 
kept here is a large one and comprises ever}^ desirable style, quality and 
size of men's, youths' and boys' clothing, hats, caps and a full assortment 
of everything coming under the heading of gent's furnishing goods. 

Wm. S. Treusch, the manager of the Buffalo One Price Clothing House, 
is also sales agent for the cigar manufactory and wholesale tobacco house 
of Morris H. Treusch & Bro., of Grand Rapids, Mich., established in 
1872, and. which holds a good trade in Dunkirk and surrounding towns. 

NEW YORK STORE, 

S. Block, Proprietor, No. 320 Lion Street 

Every new manufacturing or mercantile establishment adds to the im- 
portance of our city, and several of these have been started even since we 
began the compilation of this sketch. One of the most recent is the New 
York Store, which is located in the Rhodes block on Lion street. This 
store was opened October 20, with a full line of dry and fancy goods, hats 
and caps, trunks and valises, boots and shoes, and a general assortment of 
ladies' and gents' furnishings, also an assortment of men's, boys' and 
children's clothing, and line of notions. Mr. Block has had a long ex 
perience in the mercantile trade and will endeavor by bargain prices to 
secure a fair share of custom. He purchases direct from the New York 
market an requests and examination of prices. 

WM. MOCKER, 

Merchant Tailor, No. 316 Central Avenue. 

This establishment should have been noted in the manufacturing de- 
partment, but as it was overlooked at that time we give space for it here. 
Mr. Mocker learned the tailor's trade in Prussia and located in Dunkirk 35 
years ago. He was one of the originating members of the Germania 
Gesang Verein, and has ever held the high esteem of our citizens for 
honorable dealings and persevering industry. Pie keeps a stock of cloths 
and makes to the order of customers suits or single garments in good style. 



BOOT AND SHOE HOUSES. 

W. C. HEUSER & CO., 

Jobbing and Retail Shoe House, No. 218 Center Street. 

Among the representative mercantile enterprises of Dunkirk, that of 
W. C. Heuser & Co., is entitled to a front rank. The proprietors are both 
natives of the city, Mr. Heuser having commenced the shoe trade five 
years since on Lion street, and D. W. Abell having been a former member 
of the jobbing house of Rice & Abell. These gentlemen in 1886 consoli- 
dated their enterprises, E. R. Rice retiring from the firm a year later. The 
main salesroom of the present firm is at No. 218 Center street, 22 x 100 feet, 
with reserve stock in the second story. A branch house is located at No. 
313 Lion street, which is supplied with every requisite of the trade. The 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 85 

house not only carry the leading lines in all desirable styles of boots, shoes 
and rubbers, but do a considerable jobbing trade and handle trunks, 
valises, etc. 

T. T. DANFORTH & CO., 

Boots and Shoes, No. 304 Central Avenue. 

McDonald & Co. commenced the shoe business in Dunkirk in 1870, T. 
T. Danforth having been for some years a member of the firm, before J. S. 
Baker, of Rochester, N. Y., purchased an interest in 1882, since which time 
it has run under the above style. Mr. Danforth is an expert shoe man, 
and to his business tact the success of the house is largely due. The firm 
hold a popular trade in this section, handhng Burt's and other prominent 
makes in men's fine goods; Tracey's, Benedict's and other manufactures 
for women and children's wear. 

T. J. GLENN, 

Boots y Shoes and Rubbers, 309 Lion Street. 

T. J. Glenn is a native of Fredonia, and is one of the Glenn Brothers 
that started a boot and shoe house at 320 Lion street some three years ago. 
Mr. Glenn has since purchased his brother's interest, and the store is now 
located at 309 Lion street, where a complete assortment of boots, shoes and 
rubbers, in their various sizes, styles and qualities, are carried. 



FURNITURE, UNDERTAKING, ETC. 

DUNKIRK FURNITURE WAREROOMS, 

Nos. 12 and lU East Second Street, Loids Koch, Proprietor. 

Perhaps no furniture house in Dunkirk has a larger stock or more com- 
modious store-rooms than Louis Koch, who owns a large three-story 
building on Second street, occupying five sections 30x 60 feet in dimensions. 
Mr. Koch founded this enterprise 30 years ago, and from a small beginning 
has risen to a merited prominence. He is a practical cabinet-maker, does 
all kinds of upholstering and manufactures considerable fine work. Mr. 
Koch also conducts the undertaking business in connection with his furni- 
ture trade, and has made a very successful record in the business of 
Dunkirk. 

CHAS. BLOOD, UNDERTAKER. 

Embalming Board and Antiseptic Fluid, 203 Center Street. 

One of the enterprising and successful citizens of this place is Charles 
Blood, who has been a resident of Dunkirk for 30 years. He worked 
for 10 years at the upholsterer's trade and for 22 years has been an 
undertaker, becoming very popular in his administration of the last sad 
rites. Mr. Blood is serving on his fourth three-years-term as coroner, in 
which position he has made a very acceptable officer, his former prompt- 
ness and efficiency causing him to be elected by a very flattering vote. 
But, perhaps, to Dunkirk one of the most important transactions of Mr. 
Blood's life is his invention and patenting of the " Folding Embalming 



86 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

Board." This is the most compact, convenient and practical contrivance 
for the handling of dead bodies ever invented, and receives the unqualified 
approval of every undertaker who examines it. The following, from a pop- 
ular undertaker, is but a specimen of numerous letters received by the 
manufacturer of this highly useful article at No. 203 Center street : 

Washington, D. C, January ^, 1888. 
Mr. Charles Blood, Dunkirk, N. Y. : 

Dear Sir — Enclosed please find my check this date for $25.00 in payment for 
the embalming board you sent on approval. I take great pleasure in saying it 
is, without exception, the only perfect board yet produced. I am more than 
pleased with it, have used it several times and like it better every time. You 
are to be congratulated for your success, and the entire profession would find it 
to their advantage, and their establishments more complete, by having these 
boards, and I think your price is very reasonable for such a perfect and com- 
plete article. You will please send me two more boards at your earliest con- 
venience and oblige. Yours truly, W. R. Speare. 

Many others could be given but this suffices to show its popularity. 
Mr. Blood has also for many years compounded an "Antiseptic Embalming 
Fluid," which is doubtless one of the best preparations ever made for pre- 
serving the dead. It has met with unrivalled success among all who 
have used it. In marked contrast with many preparations for like 
purposes this fluid is not a water solution and will not crystalize, corrode 
or freeze. It has no offensive odor or stain, is easily used, and, being a 
most perfect preservatory compound, the proprietor has calls for it from 
long distances.' Coroner Blood's preservation of bodies in Dunkirk for 
weeks at a time awaiting identification has fully demonstrated the merits 
of this preparation, and the rapidly increasing calls for his unique and 
scientific embalming boards are sufficient testimony as to their superiority. 
Many undertakers are availing themselves of Mr. Blood's offer to give 
them instructions in embalming; and they, as well as their patrons cannot 
say enough in praise of his process, not only as a sanitary measure that 
will destroy every germ of contagion with which it comes in contact, but 
that certainly and effectually prevents decomposition. 

AUGUST KOLB, 

Undertaker and Book-Seller^ No. 321 Lion Street 

August Kolb is of German nativity and learned the undertakers' busi- 
ness with W. J. Quinn, of Erie, Pa. A half dozen years since he located 
in Dunkirk, and by close application has built up a good trade. He keeps 
two hearses (having the only white hearse in the city) and every require- 
ment for burial service. Mr. Kolb also keeps a line of books, stationery 
and notions, carrying especially all the desirable styles of Catholic song 
and praise books. 

HARDWARE, TINWARE, PLUMBING, ETC. 

P. B. CARY & CO., 
General Hardware and Stove Depot, No. 333 Lion Street. 

The name of Cary has been associated with the hardware trade of 
Dunkirk for over 30 years, and P. B. Cary has been reared in the business. 



OF DUNKIRK, iVEW YORK. 87 

The hotise which Mr. Gary conducts was estabhshed some 10 years ago by 
Messrs. Wirtner & Morian, and in 1883 W. G. AlUng purchased Mr. Morian's 
interest. Later Gary & Matteson purchased the interest of Mr. Wirtner, the 
firm style having been W. G. AlHng & Go. until, by retirement of Mr. Ail- 
ing, it changed to its present style. The salesroom is 30 x 80 feet, with 
handsome plate glass windows in front, and the store is fully stocked with 
all the latest improvements and necessary articles for so comprehensive a 
business. There are great numbers of stoves on the market but, perhaps, 
none more justly popular than the Monroe range and Red Gross heaters, 
both of which are kept in full stock here, besides several other popular 
makes. The display of granite-ware and general shelf goods is very large, 
and a specialty is made in Sherwin & Williams' well known ready-mixed 
paints. Mr. Gary is a native of the city, his father, R. L. Gary, being one 
of the best known merchants of the place, and the house holds an ex- 
tensive and well merited trade. 

GLARK BLOSS, 

Hardware, Stoves, Etc., No. 217 Center Street. 

Gary & Bellows established the hardware business, of which Glark 
Bloss is successor, more than 30 years ago. The firm continued under 
various styles, but was running as Gary & Matteson when purchased by 
Mr. Bloss, September 1, of the present year. The premises occupied is a 
three-story brick building 30 x 100 feet, in which is found a very complete 
line of shelf and heavy hardware, iron, nails, glass, builders' materials, 
wagon makers' supplies and mechanics' tools of all descriptions. The line 
of stoves is a superb one, covering all the stylish grades. Tin and sheet- 
iron ware is manufactured to the order of customers, and with his corps of 
courteous clerks Mr. Bloss hopes to not only retain the wide custom which 
this house had established, but to add to its popularity. Mr. Bloss is a 
native of this county, and in his many years of dealings here as a dry 
goods merchant has become favorably known to the people of this place. 

THOMAS W. MURRAY, 

Plumber and Steam Fitter, No. 337 Liou Street. 

Under the heading of Plumbers, Etc., T. W. Murray should have had 
notice but was at that time overlooked. Mr. Murray is a native of Dun- 
kirk, learned his trade with E. G. Perry & Go., and has worked at his trade 
in other cities. In August last he opened up business at No. 337 Lion 
street, where he invites any of Dunkirk's citizens who are needing the 
services of a plumber, gas or steam fitter to give him a call. Mr. Murray 
has had eight years' experience in the business, and is prepared to do 
prompt and efficient work. 

JOHN ALLENBRAND, 

Tinner and Plumber, No. 31 East Third Street. 

For 22 years past J. Allenbrand has been a practical workman in the 
tinner's business, and in the employ of E. Allenbrand, hardware merchant, 



88 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

until a few months since, when he opened up a workshop at Ncf. 31 East 
Third street, where he does all kinds of tin and sheet-iron work to the 
order of customers, or attends to plumbing. 



DRUGS, MEDICINES, WALL PAPER, ETC. 
MONROE'S PHARMACY. 

Drugs, Wall Paper, Paints, Etc., No. 300 Central Avenue. 

Few mercantile houses in this section of the country nre so well known 
as the above mentioned pharmacy. In 1867 Mr. 0. Monroe built the 
handsome brick block on the southeast corner of Central avenue and Third 
street and fitted up the corner store in superb style for the drug trade. The 
present manager entered the store more than 20 years ago and most of his 
life-work has been devoted to building up its trade and reputation. How 
well he has succeeded the 52,000 prescriptions on file bear witness, for the 
physicians and their patients, while many an elegant residence and costly 
furnished cottage give evidence of his taste and skill in the selection of 
wall paper and interior decorations. The stock of standard drugs is nec- 
essarily large, as the assortment is very complete, even the newest and rarest 
chemicals used in medicine being found in the prescription case. In ad- 
dition to keeping a most complete line of drugs and chemicals this house 
has for years made a leading specialty of wall paper and interior decora- 
tions, of which the stock is large and varied, covering all grades of goods 
from the cheap, but pretty, paper at a few cents a roll to the rich and costly 
lincrusta. This department is in a large and well lighted apartment in the 
rear of the drug store proper, while the entire cellar and portions of the 
upper stories are used as storage room. 

F. K. LYONS' PHARMACY, 

215 Center Street, 

Is one of the largest and oldest established drug houses in the city. The 
interior is richly finished in walnut and ash with many handsome show- 
cases filled with sundries and attractive holiday goods. The wall paper de- 
partment is large and comprises the latest designs of papers and decora- 
tions. Recently a large room has been added in the rear. The stock of 
combs, brushes, pocket-books, sponges, confectionery, stationery, etc., is 
complete, and a large line of holiday goods and novelties have been 
recently opened. 



MEAT AND FISH MARKETS 

THOS. C. JONES, 

Fresh and Salt Meats, Oysters, Etc., 75 East Third Street. 

The meat business was started by Bailey & Jones in 1866, Mr. Jones 
purchasing his partner's interest in 1871, and since having been sole pro- 
prietor. The house is a representative one and has justly earned a place 
in the front rank of Dunkirk's mercantile establishments. The premises at 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 89 

the comer of Third and Deer streets, 28 x 60 feet, is fitted with capacious 
refrigerators, and at all times furnished with a complete supply of fresh and 
salt meats, oysters in season, clams, butter, and all the requirements of the 
trade, Thos. C. Jones is a native of Buffalo, came to this place in 1853, 
served in the late war, and was mayor of Dunkirk 1884-5. 

U. H. ANDREWS, 

Meats, Oysters, Etc., No. 326 Central Avenue. 

U. H. Andrews is a native of Fredonia, and seived in the meat busi- 
ness with Thos. C. Jones for 10 years. Six years ago he opened up the 
trade on Central avenue, and b}^ a careful consideration of his customers' 
wants, coupled with a thorough knowledge of the business, he has brought 
a large trade to his market. Everything usually found in a well appointed 
market is kept by Mr. Andrews, and a popular trade held by him at No. 
826 Central avenue. 

CHADWICK BAY FISH CO., 
/. W. Galbrnith, Manager, No. 11 East Third Street. 

Robert Mullett conducted the Dunkirk Fish Market for many years, 
but a couple of years since sold out to J. W. Galbraith. Mr. G. is a native 
of Scotland and resident of Dunkirk since 1857. For many years he 
officiated as harbor-master and police justice here. He is thoroughly 
acquainted with the fish interests of this city, and this market is kept sup- 
plied with fish from the lake or the ocean, and either fresh or salt. With 
the coming season the Chadwick Bay Fish Co. will open out a wholesale 
department, as well as a retail, and will endeavor to assist in making Dun- 
kirk a commercial center. 



BAKERY AND CONFECTIONERY GOODS. 

CENTRAL AVENUE BAKERY, 
Bread, Cakes, Etc., Mrs. W. V. Johnson, Proprietress. 

W. V. Johnson established the bakery business in Dunkirk in 1856, 
and some years since removed the location to No. 322 Central avenue, where 
it is continued b}^ his widow since his decease — a year ago. L. L. Johnson, 
the son, officiates as manager, and is familiar with all the details. Fresh 
bread, pies, cakes and all the requirements of the trade are baked each 
day. The house also carries a line of vegetables and staple groceries to 
meet the demands of its patrons. 

JULIUS GARTZKE, 

Bakery and Confectionery, No. 322 Lion Street. 

Born in Prussia, J. Gartzke came to America in 1867 and shortly after- 
wards engaged in the baking business. For nine years past he has been 
conducting a well appointed bakery on Lion street, and his goods have met 
with a favorite reception throughout the city. He keeps a delivery wagon, 
and turns out fresh from his ovens superb bread, pies, cakes and every 
requisite of the trade, keeping confectioneries as well. 



90 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

GROCERIES, DRY GOODS AND NOTIONS. 

M. PAULUS, 

General Store, No. S29 Lion Street. 

One of Dunkirk's busy mercantile establishments is that of Michae^ 
Paulus, at No. 329 Lion street. Mr. P. is a native of Germany, for 30 years 
in Dunkirk, nearly all of the time engaged in handling goods, and since 
1879 conducting his present enterprise. Mr. Paulus keeps not only a large 
stock of staple and fancy groceries but a complete line of dry goods, domestics 
and notions. His long experience and prompt attention to the wants of 
all customers has earned for him a leading trade among Dunkirk 
merchants. 

CHARLES J. WIRTNER, 

General Store, No. 49 Railroad Avenue. 

This house was established by Jacob Wirtner in 1861, and C. J., who 
was brought up in the trade, later succeeded to the business. He was born 
within a few rods of this store and has gained a wide acquaintance, so that 
he has customers in all parts of the city as well as a good country trade. 
The line carried covers not only a full assortment of groceries, but a stock 
of dry goods and notions, and Mr. Wirtner's long connection in merchan- 
dise has secured for him a permanent trade in this section of Dunkirk. 

JOHN E. WIRTNER, 

Dry Goods and Groceries, Corner King and Lion Streets. 

The grocery house on the acute angle of King, Lion and Wright streets 
was started about 1872 by Jacob Wirtner, later for some years in the hands 
of W. R., and three years since was purchased by John E. Wirtner, who is 
a native of the city and who has a large and popular acquaintance. Mr. 
W. keeps a full assortment of groceries, together with a general line of dry 
goods and notions. His location is on a convenient corner and he holds a 
popular trade. 

GROCERIES, PROVISIONS, ETC. 

LOUIS HEYL, 

Wholesale and Retail Grocer, 222 Center Street. 

Perhaps no name in Dunkirk is better known or has become more of 
a household word than Louis Heyl. Born in Germany, Mr. Heyl was 
brought to this city in childhood and has been in the grocery trade here 
since 1852. He commenced in an unostentatious way, but by business 
acumen and steady industry has from year to year enlarged his trade, and 
has ever been considered as one of the representative houses of the place. 
Mr. Heyl has secured an extensive shipping business in fruits, grapes, etc., 
and his very full stock has brought him a considerable jobbing trade, so 
that he is properly classed as a wholesale dealer as well as a leading house 
in the retail grocery trade. It would be superfluous for us to enumerate 
his different articles in stock which comprise the complete line of staple 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 91 

and fancy groceries with all that pertains to the trade. In 1864 Mr. Heyl 
erected his three-story brick store structure, 24 x 90 feet in dimensions, at 
No. 222 Center street, where his mercantile operations are conducted. 
About 20 years ago he erected the adjoining Masonic Hall block, complet- 
ing a structure 90x90, which makes one of the finest blocks in the city. 
In this and other enterprises Mr. H. has contributed a full share toward 
the architectural beauty of Dunkirk, and by his progressive and liberal 
dealings attained an enviable commercial standing. 

W. E. STEGEMAN, 

General Grocer and Coffee Roaster, No. 127 Center Street. 

Wm. E. Stegeman is a native of Germany, but resided in Dunkirk for 
a number of years past. He opened up the grocery and provision trade in 
1876 and has "^met with a large success. He handles produce, fruits, a large 
line of teas, and gives special attention to securing the best green coffees, 
and, being prepared with a roasting machine, is able to furnish freshly 
roasted goods containing all their original aroma. Mr. Stegeman enjoys an 
extensive trade, keeps a well selected stock and is one of Dunkirk's solid 
business men. 

LOUIS MATZENBACHER, 
Groceries and Provisions, No. 309 Central Avenue. 

A number of times we have had occasion to refer to the success of the 
industrious Germans who have made America their adopted land and Dun- 
kirk their city home. Among these L. Matzenbacher, who came to this 
place in 1865, deserves a mention. He had had 14 years experience in the 
grocery trade of New York and 13 years since opened out at his present 
stand, where he keeps a full hne of staple and fancy groceries, fruits, vege- 
tables, confectioneries and cigars. A dozen years of trade here has brought 
to this well known business establishment a proper share of customers. 

AHRENS & SON, 

Groceries^ Bakery Goods, Etc., No. 223 Center Street. 

Among the numerous well established grocery house of this city, that 
belonging to Charles Ahrens & Son is deserving of more than a passing 
mention. Mr. A. is of German nativity and a resident of this city for 30 
years. The present business was commenced some 12 years ago, and by 
careful attention to the varied wants of customers has secured a full share 
of businesss. The father and son both have a large circle of friends and 
hold a pop^ilar custom at No. 223 Center street, where a full Une of staple 
and fancy groceries, provisions, etc., are kept. 

S. SHALER, 

Groceries, Notions, Etc., Corner Fourth and Lion Streets. 

Jacob Shaler, manager of the above house, came to Dunkirk with the 
advent of the Erie Railway in 1851, and nearly 30 years ago he embarked 
in the grocery business of this place. The store is located in a substantial 



92 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

three-storv^ brick at the northwest corner of Lion and Fourth streets, and 
is well supplied with a carefully selected line of choice groceries and pro- 
visions, together with an assortment of notions. By strict attention to the 
calls of this line of trade Mr. Shaler has established a large business in the 
eastern part of the city, and has many customers from the surrounding 
country. 

JOSEPH DOMST, 

Groceries and Provisions, No. 23 West T'alcott Street. 

Joseph Domst is a native of Germany, and was for six years employed 
in the well known grocery house of Louis Heyl, where he familiarized him- 
self not only with every requirement of the grocery trade, but with the 
citizens of Dunkirk and their various requirements in this line. Two years 
ago Mr. D. opened up in the trade and carries a well assorted stock of 
groceries and notions at the corner of Griswold and Talcott streets. His 
enterprise has brought a fair share of success. 

H. J. GIBBS, Jr., 

Groceries and Notions, No. 161 Griswold Street. 

H. J. Gibbs, Jr. was born at Stratford-on-Avon, England, came to Dun- 
kirk in early manhood and has for many years been engaged in machine 
work for the Brooks Locomotive Shops. His store house was opened in 
1874, and is stocked with a general supply of groceries, notions and pro- 
visions. The location is in the Fourth ward, at the corner of Courtney and 
Griswold streets. Mr. Gibbs is councilman from this ward and is promi- 
nently connected in secret society circles. 

HENRY SMITH, 

Flour, Feed, Hay, Wood, Etc., No. 528 Deer Street 

While Lion^ Center and Third streets are the most important business 
avenues, there are numerous important mercantile establishments on several 
other streets. Henry Smith is a native of Baden, Germany ; came to Dun- 
kirk 35 years ago, and in 1867 commenced the grocery trade. He has been 
eight years at his present stand, and four years ago opened up the flour, 
feed, hay and wood trade which he now makes an important feature of his 
business. He is wholesale agent in Dunkirk for the various brands of 
Thornton & Chester's Buffalo Flouring Mills. 

EDWIN TIMPERLEY, 

Groceries and Provisions, No. Jf21 Lion Street. 

Edwin Timperley has been a resident of Dunkirk for about 30 years, 
having for a long time held a position in the Brook's Locomotive Works. 
Fourteen years ago he opened up a grocery trade and has steadily con- 
tinued in the trade, securing by his honorable dealings a fair share of trade. 
Within the present year he removed from Third street to the convenient 
quarters at No. 421 Lion street, where he keeps all kinds of groceries and 
provisions, cigars, confectionery, etc. His old customers have followed him 
and new ones are finding the place. 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 93 

HUBERT KASCHTEN, 

Groceries, Provisions, Etc., Corner Front and Lion Streets. 

There are a number of deserving groceries away from the business 
centers and the above is worthy of mention. Hubert Kaschten is a native 
of Germany, came to Dunkirk in 1880, and after three years work in the 
Brooks Locomotive Works spent some time in travehng in the West and else- 
where. With the present year he started in the grocery trade at the above 
corner, keeps a good stock and has more than reached his best expectations. 

DANIEL SCANNELL, 

Groceries, Crockery, Glassware, No. 53 Front Street. 

It is but proper that Daniel Scannell should be indexed among our 
business houses. He is an Ohioan, 22 years handling groceries, and 10 
years since having purchased this business from his former employer. Mr. 
Scannell occupies commodious rooms, 30 x 120 feet, on Front street, and 
his many years of connection with the business of Dunkirk has given him 
a prominent trade. 

JOSEPH LANDSCHOOF, 

Grocery Store, 1^1 East Front Street. 

Joseph Landschoof is of German nativity, came to America in 1857 
and four years later located in Dunkirk. He was for 25 years an employe 
of the Brooks Locomotive Works, and a few years since opened up the 
grocery trade at 141 East Front street, where he keeps a stock of groceries, 
provisions and beer. 

W. E. MONTGOMERY, 

Groceries and Notions, Corner Deer and Sixth Streets. 

Wm. E. Montgomery is an Englishman and first came to Dunkirk 
30 years ago. He was for seven years in the hotel business at Bradford, 
Pa., and five years ago returned to Dunkirk. Mr. M. erected a handsome 
and commodious two-story structure at the corner of Deer and Sixth 
streets, where he keeps a general supply of staple and fancy groceries, with 
an assortment of notions. 

JOHN KELLEHER, 

Groceries and Notions, Corner Fifth and Elk Streets. 

John Kelleher was born on the Emerald Isle, but has been a resident 
of this city for nearly 40 years. He has worked for the Erie Railway for 
the past 36 years, now holding the position of car inspector at this point. 
Four years ago Mr. K. opened up a stock of groceries and notions at the 
corner of Elk and Fifth streets. 



If you care nothing for the Historical and Descriptive Notes of Dun- 
kirk this pamphlet is valuable for its Statistical Pages, and should he 
preserved. 



94 DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL LIQUORS. 

RISLEY & CO., 

Proprietary Medicines and Liquors, Dunkirk and New York. 

Laurens G. Risley engaged in the liquor trade of Dunkirk over 30 
years ago and is known as a prominent and public-spirited citizen of the 
place, having served as mayor and other local offices. A few years since 
his son, George H., became a partner and a branch house was established 
in New York. Although some liquors are still kept in bond, the principal 
business of the New York house is now the manufacture of proprietary 
medicines, for which they have an extensive sale throughout the states. 
Tue New York house is at 17 and 19 Laight street, and is in charge of tlie 
junior partner, who is recognized as a stirring business man. The business 
in Dunkirk is conducted at Nos. 7 and 9 Front street under the watch- 
ful eye of its founder; L. G. Risley. 

JACOB LOEB, 

Restaurants at Nos. 13 East Third and 19 East Front Streets. 

'There are numerous saloon-keepers in Dunkirk, but, perhaps, none 
that have held a more honorable record than Jacob Loeb. Born in Alsace, 
Mr. L. located in Dunkirk over 30 years ago and has nearly ever since been 
dealing in liquors. He owns the building at No. 19 East Front street, 
where he keeps a well appointed saloon, and is also proprietor of the White 
Elephant restaurant and sample room on East Third street, which is noted 
for its orderly conduct, and is in charge of his son, A. Loeb. There are 
numerous other saloons, but time and space forbids further mention. 

A. S. Cobb and Ira Griggs both job wines and liquors, while Fred. 
Seiner, Chas. Bremer and a number of others have well arranged saloons. 

Werle & Koch, who are running the Henry Fink brewery, have a new 
brick establishment nearly completed on the site of the old tannery. 



MISCELLANEOUS MATTER.— (i2eeeii;ec? too late for Classification.) 

THOROUGHBRED STOCK FARM, 

Toomey Bros., Proprietors. 

This section of New York abounds in never-failing water courses and 
easily brings forth the most nutritious grazing grasses. The only reason 
why we cannot just as successfully raise the high breeds of cattle and 
horses as the famous " Blue Grass Regions of Kentuck}^ " is the fact of our 
comparatively long winters, when stock must be housed and fed. How- 
ever, with good barns and intelligent feeding this difficulty is not so great as 
it would seem to be, and many of our farmers are finding from experience that 
it pays to keep the best, as it costs but little more to care for a horse or cow 
worth a $1,000 than it does for one of $50 in value, while the increase and 
products from the high-bred animal usually brings large percentages upon 
the investment. Several years ago the Toomey Brothers engaged in the im- 



OF DUNKIRK, NEW YORK. 95 

provement of horses in this section by the purchase of " Belmont-Wilkes " 
(by W^ilkie Collins, dam by Hamlin's Almont), and this famous stallion 
has become a favorite throughout this county. Later they purchased the 
handsome " Norwood " (by Blue Bull 75, dam by Oakland Blackhawk), 
and from the latttr they have raised the fine young stallion, " General 
Alger," by the pacing mare " Tuckahoe." The Toomey Brothers' summer 
headquarters are at the Driving Park, midway between Dunkirk and Fre- 
donia, where they also keep several thoroughbred brood mares. Farmers 
of this section will do well to enquire into the pedigree and success of the 
Toomey Brothers' thoroughbred trotting stud. The firm also buy and sell 
high-bred horses. Their winter headquarters are in rear of D. F. Toomey's 
feed store, corner of Lion and Fifth streets. 

THOMAS JAEKLE, 

Barber and Hairdresser^ 22Ji. Center Street. 

Thomas Jaekle is of German nativity, and opened up the barber busi- 
ness at Eastern Hotel in 1865, continuing there for 20 years. Three years 
since he leased the fine, large rooms at 224 Center street, where he now 
conducts the business. Mr. J. has several times visited Europe and the 
land of his nativity. 

MISS S. E. HERRICK, 
Millinery Store, No. 307 Central Avenue. 

One of the oldest established houses in the millinery line is that owned 
by Miss S. E. Herrick, at No. 307 Central avenue. This house deals ex- 
clusively in millinery goods, and is a representative one in that line, not 
only keeping the full assortment of French and American designs in hats, 
bonnets, flowers, ribbons, and millinery trimmings, but having two expert 
trimmers besides the proprietress busily engaged in making any desirable 
style of headgear to the order of customers. 



C. T. Scofield. — Since our professional pages have been put to press C. 
T. Scofield of this county has entered as a partner with C. D. Murray in 
the law business. Mr. Scofield was born in California but has resided from 
early childhood at Hartfteld, near Mayville. He graduated from Allegheny 
College at Meadville, Pa., read law with Vandusen & Martin, and since his 
admission to the bar formed the above copartnership. 

St. John'ti Benevolent Society.— This German society is for mutual in- 
surance, paying $3.00 per week for sick benefits and $L00 each member to 
beneficiaries upon the death of a brother. It was organized in 1868, is in- 
corporated and meets in A. 0. U. W. hall first Mondays. Charles Ahrens, 
pres.; John Marquatt, cor. sec. 

A number of mercantile houses have been omitted because we failed 
to find the proprietors, or for equally good reasons, but we have inserted a 
sufficient number to show that every important line is fairly represented, 
and what the city most needs is additional manufactories or other matters 
which we have mentioned. 



OUR REGARDS 



Valedictory Comments. 

Tlie compiler of this sketch in closing desires to extend to the business 
men of Dunkirk and Fredonia his sincere thanks for their cordial assist- 
ance in this enterprise. Our duties have been arduous, but were made 
much easier b}^ the kind reception with which we have been met, and, 
while our work must necessarily be imperfect in many particulars — absence 
of proprietors, indifference of merchants, or other untoward circumstances 
— we hope it will not be unworthy of the wide distribution which its 
friends have already guaranteed, and that it will redound to the future 
good of this section. We have made many agreeable acquaintances, and 
wherever our lot may be cast in the future shall always have a pleasant 
remembrance of the unselfish interest displayed toward this descriptive 
sketch, which is a sufficient guarantee that any legitimate enterprise will 
have the generous encouragement of the good people of this section. 

The review, although condensed, will be found to be very complete, 
covering every material feature of development, yet without any attempt 
at mere word painting. The keen perception of capitalists or business 
men readily discriminates to a characteristic degree between solid merit 
and glittering pretense, hence we leave the review for their closest scrutiny. 
We have endeavored to perform the task to which we were assigned, with 
due regard to surrounding conditions, without fear or favor, and trust that 
we have succeeded in faithfully portraying the advantages and business 
opportunities afforded for the upbuilding of a great industrial and com- 
mercial center. 

In compiling this work we are especially indebted to the past his- 
torians, to several of the older citizens, Mr. H. Severance, and all of the 
newspaper fraternity of the place. While the work is for the most part 
couched in our own language, we, of course, have had to secure the early 
facts and dates from others, and to all who have aided us in any respect we 
return our sincere thanks. 

Dunkirk's population, from the basis of the last election, is fairly 
placed at 12,000, or over. 

Originally we had intended to insert several pages descriptive of Fredo- 
nia, but find our time and space too limited. This handsome village, is lo- 
cated three miles south of Dunkirk and until 1864, was without railroad 
communication. It was then connected by the street railroad and in 1870 
secured the D. A. V. & P. The residences and business houses are substan- 
tially built, it has an elegant Normal School and recently some important 
factories have been located there. There is much more that might be said 
with propriety, but lack of space forbids further comment. 

There are important facts on every page. Read the entire sketch 
through. A two cent stamp will carry it to a friend. 

The older this book becomes the more valuable it loill be for future 
reference. 




s 




QQ 




o 


>* 


QQ 


^ 


OQ 






-a 


OQ 

n 


^ 6 


a 7) 


2i 


1 « 




t^ ^25 


5 *^ 






•X3^ 


£ >^ 


§S 


5 w 


o 




Cm 


^ cq 


a 


H 


O 


02 


^ 




00 


H 


a 


H^ 


J3 


» 


U 


Ptj 


A 


<{ 


OQ 


n 


<1 





JOB PRINTING OFFICE, 

In a ThriviDg- Georg-ia City. 

As I have special contracts for traveling correspondence which demands all 
of my time, I will dispose of a Fine Job Printing Outfit at a great bargain, and 
on easy terms. The office is in good shape for commercial, book and pamphlet 
printing, and with a payment of one-fourth down, will be sold on easy monthly 
installments, or will exchange for desirable property in New York or Pennsyl- 
vania. The office is located in Macon, a healthy and thriving Georgia city. 
For particulars address 

D. P. ROB BINS, Macon, Georgia. 



FLORIDA' LANDS— Town Lots or Grove Tracts. 

Having secured, through advertising, town lots and tracts for grove pur- 
poses in a half dozen different counties of Florida, I have bargains to offer to 
any one wishing property in the Orange State. I have spent two years in the 
state and have selected my purchases in the most desirable portions of the 
peninsula, viz. : Orange, Lake, Sumter, Pasco, Hernando and Polk counties. I 
have town lots worth from $15 to $200 each, orange lands $20 to $50 per acre. 

To those desiring information about Florida, or the pre«servation of health, 
my published book on Health, Happiness, Hygiene and Florida is worth many 
times its cost. Well bound, 800 octavo pages, sent postpaid for $2.50. 



Address, 



D. P. ROB BINS, Erie, Pa. 




CATARRHiHEAD 

Can positively be cured by using DR. P. HAL.L.»S CATARRH REMEDY. 

A new compound, entirely different from all other preparations. It is in the form 
of a fine ointment which is easily applied in the nostrils and ears, and reaches the 
seat of the disease by absorption. Pleasant to the smell, and most eflBcient in opera- 
tion. For Hay Fever, also impared Jrlearing, Si^ht, !Sinell and Taste, pro- 
duced by Catarrhal disease, it is a positive cure. The most noted Physicians and 
prominent Druggists all over the land have given it their endorsement. We have 
the unsolicited testimonials of hundreds of prominent and reliable men, who have 
been permanently cured. Do not be humbugged by nostrums, prepared by 
J:the inexperienced and unreliable, but insist upon having this Excellent Remedy, 
'compounded by a Physician who has made this disease a study for 30 years. 

Two to four bottles generally sufficient to effect an entire cure. Satisfaction 

TRADE MARK guaranteed or Money refunded. It is a positive cure for Ear-aciie. 
I'or sale by druggists. Also sent by maU, post-paid, upon receipt of 50c. smgle bottle, package of two 

bottles. $ I. OO. Circulars and testimonials free. .,„,., „. wt ^ . 

Address E. P. HAI-.L, Sole Proprietor, 630 State Street, i!.Rlb» PA., U. S. A. 
The NORTHROP <fc LYMAN CO., Limited. General Agents for Can!»4a, 21 Front Street West, Toronto. Ontario. 
CAUTION.— Beware of counterfeits or imitations. The above Trade Mark will be found on eveiy 
bottle ; and do not buy without it. 

•^"This REMEDY is a NEW COMPOUND, entirely different from all other 
preparations used for Catarrh or other diseases. It combines Three Essen- 
tial Qualities that insure popularity and success, viz. : EASE in application, 
PLEASURE in use, and EFFICIENCY in OPER\TION. The medicine is in 
the form of an OINTMENT, applied with the finger into the nostrils and ears, 
and reaches the seat of disease by absorption. 

Do Not be Deceived! Beware of Counterfeits or 
Imitations. Use only 

Dr. P. HALL'S CATARRH REMEDY, 

And you will be satisfied with its Curative Powers. Every bottle has the words 



Dr. p. HALL'S CATARRH REMEDY, ERIE, PA. 



blown upon the bottle, and his photographic ''Trade Mark^' and his written 
signature upon the wrapper. 

DR. P. HALL'S CATARRH REMEDY has been used by thousands of 

people, and ample experience PROVES it an INFALLIBLE CURE 

for CATARRH in the Head, and Deafness resulting from it, 

Whether mild or severe, of long or short duration. Whenever a FAIR TRIAL 

is given it commends itself to decided favor, and the people aid in 

advertising its merits. Manufactured only by 

EDWARD P. HALL, 630 State Street, ERIE, PA. 

Price 50 cents per bottle. Upon receipt of $1.00, two bottles will be mailed 
to any part of the United States. All remittances should be made by P. O. or 
Express money order. Postal note, or N. Y. draft. Postage stamps accepted. 



THE ABOVE BEMEDY FOB SALE AT 

MONROE'S AND LYON'S PHARMACIES, AT JOHN HARPER'S DRUG STORE 

And by druggists generally. 



J 



